Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and type of bacteria resistant to chloramphenicol (CHL), erythromycin (E), and sulfamethoxazole (SXT) antibiotics from untreated wastewater effluents to receiving river. Methods: In total, 32 samples were taken from eight sites located in the raw wastewater to the downstream of the receiving Ghotor river in Khoy city. Resistant...

results a total of 18 amoxicillin-clavulanate resistant isolates were obtained from seven different types of retail sausages. only half of them were identified as enterobacteriaceae, but none were esbl-producers. all the 18 isolated strains demonstrated resistance towards amoxicillin-clavulanate, penicillin and oxacillin (100%), cefotaxime (71.4%), cefpodoxime (66.7%), and ampicillin (83.3%). b...

Antibiotic resistance has become a global threat in which the anthropogenically influenced aquatic environment represents not only reservoir for spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) among humans and animals but also an where genes are introduced into natural microbial ecosystems. Wastewater is one sources resistance. The aim this research was evaluation wastewater impact on water envir...

The effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are major contributors nutrients, microbes—including those carrying antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs)—and pathogens to receiving waterbodies. effect the effluent a small-scale activated sludge WWTP treating municipal on composition and abundance microbial community as well resistome in sediment water stream river was studied using metagenome...

BACKGROUND Due to the overuse of antibiotics in livestock as a growth-promoting agent, the emergence of multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria is becoming a concern. OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to detect the presence and discover the molecular determinants of foodborne bacteria in retail sausages resistant towards the antibacterial agent amoxicillin-clavulanate. METHODS Two grams of sau...