In this paper we analyse the relative importance of individual ability and labour market institutions, including public sector wage setting and trade unions, in determining earnings differences across different types of employment. To do this we use the KwaZulu-Natal Income Dynamics Study data from South Africa, which show extremely large average earnings differentials across different types of...

We draw attention to a clear dichotomy between small-world networks exhibiting exponential neighborhood growth, and fractal-like networks, where neighborhoods grow according to a power law. This distinction is observed in a number of real-world networks, and is related to the degree correlations and geographical constraints. We conclude by pointing out that the status of human social networks i...

Most complex networks from different areas such as biology, sociology or technology, show a correlation on node degree where the possibility of a link between two nodes depends on their connectivity. It is widely believed that complex networks are either disassortative (links between hubs are systematically suppressed) or assortative (links between hubs are enhanced). In this paper, we analyze ...

The aim of this article is to look critically at the implications gender equality concepts for individual freedom as conceptualised by philosopher Isaiah Berlin. scientific literature addressing problem and with regard public policy considerably fragmented. Based on contextual literature, will offer four that serve analytical categories. I analyse work/family reconciliation tools introduced lev...

We give new and very general characterizations for uniform exponential dichotomy of variational difference equations in terms of the admissibility of pairs of sequence spaces over N with respect to an associated control system. We establish in the variational case the connections between the admissibility of certain pairs of sequence spaces over N and the admissibility of the corresponding pair...

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate briefly how Shusaku Endo, the noted Japanese author Silence, stresses his identity over Roman Catholic religion in novel Samurai. This preference has unfortunately been ignored by Western literary critics who have instead opted stress importance religious beliefs fiction.