Based on Chinese and Arabic literature, this paper summarizes the spread of Laozi’s text thought in Arab world. The specific course dissemination can be divided into two stages: from 1966 to 2000, Dao De Jing was disseminated basis indirect translations; 2000 today, world reached a climax when first direct translation published. have gained acceptance popularity largely because their soothing f...

In this article I propose that questions about the nature of contemporary Sufism, especially in Western contexts, can be addressed with further precision and nuance by shifting focus from Sufism’s relationship to Islam, its shari‘a, or Islamic law (fiqh). As very few questioned prior modern period, analytical shift offers advantage contextualizing debates Sufism within much richer history intra...

While the beginning of 21st century demonstrated emergence various distinctive styles Sufism, existing studies Sufi practice and discourse in countries across world illustrate how social modern forms techniques are now among conditions possibility for a great many movements that concerned to extend Islamic tradition, traditions piety. Yet, scholarship represents relatively little known area lea...

buraq baba or buraq e rumi of mawlawiya sect was born in tuqat (between kunya and sivas) (mid of 7th century a.h).he became one of mashayikh of baba'iya after his apprentice to his murshid sari saltuq and was entitled buraq. apparently baba'iya was subdivision of mawlawiya specially its qalandari tariqas (ways) which was vocal in azerbaijan and anatolia for a long time. buraq baba&apo...