Literary works of classical (religious) books are literature covering many disciplines, such as theology, fiqh (jurisprudence), hadis, and mysticism (tasawuf). Mysticism takes an important part since there its experts or Sufi who able to deliver Islamic teaching in accordance the different levels understanding society. Many their were written Arabic alphabetical system, but languages Javanese, ...

A semi-distributed hydrological model was used for runoff estimation in the Okavango-Omatako catchment Namibia. The configured a 31-year period from 1985 to 2015. Subsequently, calibration and validation processes followed using SUFI-2 algorithm. For evaluating simulation, two methods were used: i. prediction uncertainty measured by P-factor R-factor ii. Model performance indicators, that is, N...

In this article I propose that questions about the nature of contemporary Sufism, especially in Western contexts, can be addressed with further precision and nuance by shifting focus from Sufism’s relationship to Islam, its shari‘a, or Islamic law (fiqh). As very few questioned prior modern period, analytical shift offers advantage contextualizing debates Sufism within much richer history intra...

While the beginning of 21st century demonstrated emergence various distinctive styles Sufism, existing studies Sufi practice and discourse in countries across world illustrate how social modern forms techniques are now among conditions possibility for a great many movements that concerned to extend Islamic tradition, traditions piety. Yet, scholarship represents relatively little known area lea...

buraq baba or buraq e rumi of mawlawiya sect was born in tuqat (between kunya and sivas) (mid of 7th century a.h).he became one of mashayikh of baba'iya after his apprentice to his murshid sari saltuq and was entitled buraq. apparently baba'iya was subdivision of mawlawiya specially its qalandari tariqas (ways) which was vocal in azerbaijan and anatolia for a long time. buraq baba&apo...