This research utilises the sustainable livelihood approach to evaluate the livelihood assets and resources and identify key challenges and development opportunities in a village in Southern Lebanon. Primary data using quantitative (structured questionnaire) and qualitative (semi-structured interview) methods were collected. The findings highlight the weak resource management and monitoring of v...

Integrated assessment models suggest that the large-scale deployment of bioenergy could contribute to ambitious climate change mitigation efforts. However, such a shift would intensify the global competition for land, with possible consequences for 1.5 billion smallholder livelihoods that these models do not consider. Maintaining and enhancing robust livelihoods upon bioenergy deployment is an ...

Feedback mechanisms are important in the analysis of vulnerability and resilience of social-ecological systems, as well as in the analysis of livelihoods, but how to evaluate systems with direct feedbacks has been a great challenge. We applied fuzzy cognitive mapping, a tool that allows analysis of both direct and indirect feedbacks and can be used to explore the vulnerabilities of livelihoods ...