Chronic wasting disease (CWD) and sheep scrapie can be transmitted via indirect environmental routes, and it is known that soil can serve as a reservoir of prion infectivity. Given the strong interaction between the prion protein (PrP) and soil, we hypothesized that binding to soil enhances prion resistance to enzymatic digestion, thereby facilitating prion longevity in the environment and prov...

The serine proteinase inhibitor from barley seeds, chymotrypsin inhibitor 2(CI-2), has been crystallized in a molecular complex with subtilisin Novo (EC 3.4.21.14). The crystal structure of this complex has been determined at 2.1-A resolution by the molecular replacement method and partially refined by restrained-parameter least-squares methods. The present crystallographic R factor (SigmaFo[un...

Mosquito midgut stages of the malaria parasite present an attractive biological system to study host-parasite interactions and develop interventions to block disease transmission. Mosquito infection ensues upon oocyst development that follows ookinete invasion and traversal of the mosquito midgut epithelium. Here, we report the characterization of PIMMS2 (Plasmodium Invasion of Mosquito Midgut ...

In the work, we mainly used molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and protein structure network (PSN) to study subtilisin Carlsberg (SC) immobilized onto carbon nanotube (CNT) in water, acetonitrile and heptane solvents, in order to explore activation mechanism of enzymes in non-aqueous media. The result indicates that the affinity of SC with CNT follows the decreasing order of water > acetonitril...

The anti-HIV nucleoside lamivudine was asymmetrically synthesized in only three steps via a novel surfactant-treated subtilisin Carlsberg-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution protocol. The enantiomer of lamivudine could also be accessed using the same protocol catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B.

The x-ray crystal structures of trans-cinnamoyl-subtilisin, an acyl-enzyme covalent intermediate of the serine protease subtilisin Carlsberg, have been determined to 2.2-A resolution in anhydrous acetonitrile and in water. The cinnamoyl-subtilisin structures are virtually identical in the two solvents. In addition, their enzyme portions are nearly indistinguishable from previously determined st...

Bacterial flagellin has two domains: the polymerizing domain consisting of N- and C-terminal regions which are partly disordered in the monomeric state; and the central antigenic domain with compact globular structure. The polymerizing domain is highly conserved in flagellins from different species but the antigenic domain is diverse in sequence and size. Whereas the former has direct functiona...

A basic trypsin-subtilisin inhibitor has been isolated from the egg white of marine turtle (Caretta caretta Linn.) and purified to homogeneity by gel filtration followed by ion-exchange chromatography. It has a single polypeptide chain of 117 amino acid residues, having a molecular weight of 13,600. It lacks methionine and tryptophan. Its isoelectric point is at pH 10.0 and the sedimentation co...

Proteolytic digestions of myosin subfragment 1 (S-1) with elastase, subtilisin, papain, thermolysin, and Staphylococcus aureus protease reveal that the two trypsin-sensitive regions in S-1 have broad protease susceptibility. The cleavage of S-1 by these enzymes yields products that correspond within 1-2 kilodaltons (kDa) to the 25-, 50-, and 20-kDa fragments produced by trypsin. Papain and ther...