BACKGROUND Physical fighting is an assaultive behaviour that can lead to injury. Family affluence is a health determinant that can influence injury. This study examines the relationship between family affluence and two outcomes: physical fighting and fighting-related injury in Canadian adolescents. Three measurements were used to represent family affluence and assess whether these measures demo...

Let A be a finite nonempty subset of an additive abelian group G, and let Σ(A) denote the set of all group elements representable as a sum of some subset of A. We prove that |Σ(A)| ≥ |H|+ 1 64 |A \H|2 where H is the stabilizer of Σ(A). Our result implies that Σ(A) = Z/nZ for every set A of units of Z/nZ with |A| ≥ 8√n. This consequence was first proved by Erdős and Heilbronn for n prime, and by...

Animal studies of the effects of low-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on the immune system appear inconsistent, and recent evidence indicates that inconspicuous experimental problems are not responsible. We hypothesized that the inconsistencies resulted from use of linear methods and models to study inherently nonlinear input-output relationships. Using a novel analytical method, we foun...

The well-studied 0=1 Knapsack and Subset-Sum Problem are maximization problems that have an equivalent minimization version. While exact algorithms for one of these two versions also yield an exact solution for the other version, this does not apply to -approximate algorithms. We present several -approximate Greedy Algorithms for the minimization version of the 0=1 Knapsack and the Subset-Sum P...

The background stimulation universally seen when lymphocytes are cultured in vitro has been shown to be markedly lowered by reducing the proportion of B lymphocytes. B-rich fractions of lymphocytes had extremely high background stimulation. It is concluded that stimulation of T cells, probably by autologous B cells, provides the most probable explanation for the findings described.

in this paper, the notion of maximal m-open set is introduced and itsproperties are investigated. some results about existence of maximal m-open setsare given. moreover, the relations between maximal m-open sets in an m-spaceand maximal open sets in the corresponding generated topology are considered.our results are supported by examples and counterexamples.

in this paper, we study some properties of the near sr-compactnessin l-topological spaces, where l is a fuzzy lattice. the near sr-compactness isa kind of compactness between lowen’s fuzzy compactness and sr-compactness,and it preserves desirable properties of compactness in general topologicalspaces.

pathological changes within an organ can be reflected as proteomic patterns in biological fluids such as plasma, serum, and urine. the surface-enhanced laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (seldi-tof ms) has been used to generate proteomic profiles from biological fluids. mass spectrometry yields redundant noisy data that the most data points are irrelevant features ...

An employee transporting problem is described and a set partitioning model is developed. An investigation of the model leads to a knapsack problem as a surrogate problem. Finding a partition corresponding to the knapsack problem provides a solution to the problem. An exact algorithm is proposed to obtain a partition (subset-vehicle combination) corresponding to the knapsack solution. It require...