Oil shale is a kind of potential alternative energy source for petroleum and has attracted the attention of energy researchers all over the world. Borehole hydraulic mining has more prominent advantages than both conventional open-pit mining and underground mining. It is very important to attempt to use the borehole hydraulic mining method to exploit underground oil shale. The nozzle is the key...

Respiratory activities were compared among rice seedlings germinated in air for 6 days (aerobic seedlings), those germinated under water for 5 days (submerged seedlings), and those grown in air for 1 day after 5 days' submerged germination (air-adapted seedlings). The respiratory activity of the submerged seedlings increased rapidly on transfer to air and reached a plateau at 16 hours in air. R...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Submergence and de-submergence are common phenomena encountered by riparian plants due to water level fluctuations, but little is known about the role of physiological integration in clonal plants (resource sharing between interconnected ramets) in their adaptation to such events. Using Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed) as an example, this study tested the hypothe...

one of the most common methods for controlling and increasing maneuverability of projectiles, especially the ones which move at high altitude and in low density air, is using lateral or reaction jets. the resultant force of the reaction jet is related to the jet and flow parameters. for finding their relation experimental, numerical, and analytical methods have been used. in order to change the...

in this paper, construction of triplet atmospheric plasma jet using argon, air, oxygen and nitrogen gases is reported. bactericidal effect of the plasma jet is also investigated. to that end, longitudinal geometric configuration for the electrodes was chosen because it would increase the jet length. electrical characteristics, jet length dependencies on the applied voltage and gas flow rate wer...

Mechanical surface modification such as shot peening offer powerful enhancement of fatigue properties metals and other materials. Cavitation usually causes damage in hydraulic machineries. However, careful selection process parameters allowed developing an approach known “cavitation peening.” Its advantage is roughness increase lower than conventional there are no solid collisions involved. As ...

In this paper, we present a method of quantitatively measuring in real-time the dynamic temperature field change and visualization volumetric fields generated by 2D axial-symmetric heated fluid from pulsatile jet water tank through off-axis digital holographic interferometry. A Mach-Zehnder interferometer on portable platform was built for experimental investigation. The submerged fed with high...

Spiral jet mills utilise high-pressure gas jets, which induce particle breakage by collisions. Appropriately angled jets force particles to circulate in dense phase near the wall due centrifugal field. Moving radially inwards towards mill centre, two-phase flow is transformed into a lean and fine are entrained out fluid drag. Here we analyse effect of grinding nozzles pressure on dynamics numer...