Pili are hairlike filamentous appendages which extend several micrometers from the bacterial surface and have long had an important role in the pathogenesis of gonococcal infections. Pioneering studies by Kellogg et al. demonstrated that a loss of virulence was observed when gonococci were subjected to repeated laboratory subculture and that this change was associated with a change in colony mo...

The effect of temperature as a possible factor on the survival of Trichomonas vaginalis for shipment or routine laboratory maintenance was studied. Ten strains of T. vaginalis, ATCC 30001, ATCC 30238, and eight clinical isolates, were examined for viability when kept incubated at 37 degrees C or removed from this temperature and held at 42, 22, or 5 degrees C for increasing lengths of time with...

A direct-plating method on thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar (DIR-TCBS) in conjunction with enrichment in alkaline peptone water (APW) incubated for both 6 h and 24 h followed by subculture onto TCBS (APW6h-TCBS and APW24h-TCBS, respectively) was performed on 16,034 rectal swab samples for isolating Vibrio cholerae. A total of 2,932 (18.3%) rectal swab samples were positive for V. cho...

By a process of accelerated training, in which 5-aminoacridine is added gradually to an actively growing culture of Bad. ladis aerogenes, strains showing a considerable degree of adaptation to the drug have been obtained in a time interval too short for any appreciable selection of pre-existing mutants to occur. Since 5-aminoacridine is antagonized by acids, the pH changes during the experiment...

As part of a long-term study of mechanisms of human cell neoplastic transformation, we have examined the change in the frequencies of X-ray-induced chromosome rearrangements in density-inhibited human foreskin fibroblasts as a function of subculture time. In nonproliferating cells, the frequency of chromosomal aberrations declined within 24 to 48 hr but still remained at a relatively high level...

Cellulase production by the fungus Trichoderma reesei was studied using sugar beet pulp (SBP) as a substrate. The subculture medium was a salt solution consisting of KH2PO4, CaCl2, etc. Fungal cells were sub-cultured in an orbital shaker (180 rpm) at 30°C for 1-2 generations (two days for each generation) and were then used as an inoculum. Exponential cells were inoculated into a medium contain...

Humorous images can be seen in many social media websites. However, newcomers to these websites often have trouble fitting in because the community subculture is usually implicit. Among all the types of humorous images, Internet memes are relatively hard for newcomers to understand. In this work, we develop a system that leverages crowdsourcing techniques to generate explanations for memes. We ...

Multiple shoots were induced from axillary and apical buds of Crossandra infundibuliformis (L.) on MS medium containing BAP and kinetin individually. The maximum number of multiple shoots were obtained from MS medium containing BAP 1 mgÿ1. The subcultures were done on fresh medium with the same composition and the number of multiple shoots increased during subculture of both types of explant. A...

Subcultures of strain HI-75 of Skinsnes leprosy bacillus received in Antwerp and London have been studied bacteriologically and compared. Both contained moderately large acid-fast bacilli readily subcultured and maintained on ordinary mycobacteriologic media. These organisms were found to be a variety of Mycobacterium marianum (syn. serofulaceum) and were considered likely to be a laboratory co...

Lodged within the Internet’s increasingly commercialized webs there exists a thriving subculture that has developed an economy all its own. Specifically, a modern gift economy, a consistent and internally rational structure of actively anti-economic behavior that presents an interesting juxtaposition to our contemporary notions of economy. Based on an extended ethnography, this subculture is an...