Although there is no single cure for tobacco dependence, there are numerous effective treatments for promoting cessation. Using the chronic disease model of advising and counseling, this article outlines a model for helping patients overcome tobacco dependence. This model consists of the five A's: Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange. Although most of this article focuses on how clinicians ...

Asthma and COPD are the most important chronic airways diseases worldwide. Urbanization and westernization of African countries are important factors for the development of chronic respiratory diseases. Unfortunately for many reasons, only few studies on atopy, asthma and COPD have been carried out in Africa and risk factors are not well known on the continent. Moreover, in many African countri...

BACKGROUND: Azospirillum is effective in biostabilization of nitrogen and Pseudomonas is effective in dissolving soil phosphorus. OBJECTIVES: Current study was conducted to assess effect of different level of nitrogen and biofertilizer on seed yield, its components and protein content. METHODS: This research was carried out via spilt plot fac...

Publications Hemming, R., Sheeran, L., van Deursen, R. and Sparkes ,V. (2015) Regional spinal kinematics during static postures and functional tasks in people with non-specific chronic low back pain International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 22(8) (Suppl. S8) Hemming, R., Sheeran, L., van Deursen, R. and Sparkes,V. (2015). Regional spinal kinematics during static postures: discriminati...

Introduction: Sub-chronic swim stress is known to induce a prolonged hyperalgesia, which is mediated through NMDA and opioid systems. Nitric oxide is a soluble gas, which acts as a retrograde messenger that modulates the release of mentioned neurotransmitters. It is also involved in nociception and memory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of NO pathway in nociception and memory...

Aims: The aim of the study was two-fold: i) to determine prevalence medical care contact for infertility in European countries; ii) map overall and long-term/chronic medication use during pregnancy women who sought due infertility.Methods: This is a sub-study Multinational Medication Use Pregnancy Study, cross-sectional, web-based conducted from October 2011 February 2012. We included 8097 part...

in recent years, sub-band speech recognition has been found useful in addressing the need for robustness in speech recognition, especially for the speech contaminated by band-limited noise. in sub-band speech recognition, the full band speech is divided into several frequency sub-bands, with the result of the recognition task given by the combination of the sub-band feature vectors or their lik...