introduction: the restoration of endodontically treated teeth is a topic that has been studied extensively but it is still a challenge for dental practitioners. the aim of this study was to evaluate fracture resistance, fracture patterns and fracture location of endodontically treated human maxillary premolars restored with direct and indirect composite resin and ceramic restoration. methods: e...

conclusions the clinical success rates of endodontically treated premolars restored with fiber posts and direct composite restorations, direct composite restorations with cusp capping and simple direct composite restoration were perfect after one year of follow-up evaluation. background endodontically treated teeth need to be restored in a manner to provide protection for the remaining tooth st...

Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) can lead to lifetime loss of function and disfigurement. Different methods such as conventional allograft procedures and using of biological tubes have problems for damaged peripheral nerves reconstruction. Designed scaffolds with natural and synthetic materials are now widely used in the reconstruction of damaged tissues. Utilization of absorbable and non-absorb...

Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) can lead to lifetime loss of function and disfigurement. Different methods such as conventional allograft procedures and using of biological tubes have problems for damaged peripheral nerves reconstruction. Designed scaffolds with natural and synthetic materials are now widely used in the reconstruction of damaged tissues. Utilization of absorbable and non-absorb...

Eyelid reconstruction is complex and challenging since it is not only for structural and functional restoration, but also for an acceptable aesthetic result. In full thickness eyelid injuries, it will involve both anterior and posterior lamella. Therefore, when reconstructing the defect, it requires at least two layers; one will be a flap with blood supply, and the other can be a free graft. In...

When spinach (Spinacia oleracea) chloroplast fragments were lyophilized and extracted with n-heptane, acid-bath phosphorylation was significantly reduced. Phosphorylation could be restored to these chloroplasts, if the extracted material (containing quinones, carotenoids, and other lipids) was added back to dry preparation before rehydration. The results reported suggest it was not quinones whi...

Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Mini Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of L 300071, China. E-mail: [email protected]. Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong B Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Engineering, The Hong Kong University o Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. EDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecul Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore † Electronic supplementary inf...

The amount of occlusal clearance during tooth preparation for fixed partial denture is more crucial and critical phase of fixed prosthodontics. Improper tooth reduction leads to compromise in structural durability and failure of the restoration. Over reduction affects the biological principles of tooth preparation. This article uses color coded fleximeter strips coated with arti-spot to determi...

Ceramic post-and-core systems offer biocompatibility, aesthetics, reinforcement of the remnant root, and prosthesis retention. Aesthetic posts-and-cores contribute to the optical properties of the overlying restorations when metal-free crowns are used. This article illustrates the use of these materials to provide strength and aesthetics during the restoration of endodontically treated teeth. T...

Optogenetics is the use of genetically encoded light-activated proteins to manipulate cells in a minimally invasive way using light. The most prominent example is channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), which allows the activation of electrically excitable cells via light-dependent depolarization. The combination of ChR2 with hyperpolarizing-light-driven ion pumps such as the Cl(-) pump halorhodopsin (NpHR)...