The accelerating expansion of the universe suggests that an unknown component with strongly negative pressure, called dark energy, currently dominates the dynamics of the universe. Such a component makes up ;70% of the energy density of the universe yet has not been predicted by the standard model of particle physics. The best method for exploring the nature of this dark energy is to map the re...

1. Abstract There are three difficulties in the topology optimization problem of continuum structure: (1) The problem under multiple load case is not easy to be approached than one under single load case, because the former becomes a multiple objective problem based on compliance objective function. (2) The problem with local constraints, such as elemental stress limit, is not easy to be solved...

Mechanical stimulation is known to cause alterations in the behaviour of cells adhering to a substrate. The mechanisms by which forces are transduced into biological responses within the cell remain largely unknown. Since cellular deformation is likely involved, further understanding of the biomechanical origins of alterations in cellular response can be aided by the use of computational models...

Despite the recent developments in structural health monitoring, there remain great challenges for accurately, conveniently, and economically assessing the in-service performance of the main cables for long-span suspension bridges. A long-term structural health monitoring technique is developed to measure the tension force with a conventional sensing technology and further provide the in-servic...

Future space structures are expected to have very large size. Such Large Space Structures (LSS) will be constructed in-orbit, probably by assembling large structural modules. This is a dangerous and difficult task for humans. On the other hand, this is a challenging and promising application for space robotics. This work provides a planning and control architecture for the manipulation of a lar...

Cytoskeletal microtubules have been proposed to influence cell shape and mechanics based on their ability to resist large-scale compressive forces exerted by the surrounding contractile cytoskeleton. Consistent with this, cytoplasmic microtubules are often highly curved and appear buckled because of compressive loads. However, the results of in vitro studies suggest that microtubules should buc...

The Indian Armed Forces with a closely knit community, life of their own provides a unique opportunity to study the adaptive and maladaptive characteristics of his actions. In this study thirty two percent of attempted suicide in the Armed Forces achieved discharge from service is a testament to the urgency and intensity of the need to get out of the service. Twently-two percent of control psyc...

The cosmological neutrino background will mediate long range forces between objects. For a background of temperature T, the potential decreases as 1/r 5 for r >> 1/T and as 1/r for r << 1/T. These forces have large spin-dependent components. If the neutrino background is nonrelativistic, the long range forces are enhanced by a factor of the inverse neutrino velocity. These long range forces may...

The paper aims to deliver a brief outline of the architectural development and discerned types of architecture of both Germanic and Roman origin on the territories north to the middle Danube. The four centuries of the local development was somehow disturbed during the Marcomannic wars. This large-scale conflict resulted in the Roman military occupation of the neighboring regions (Moravia, South...

Images of outdoor scenes often contain degradation due to haze, resulting in contrast reduction and color fading. For many reasons one may need to remove these effects. Unfortunately, haze removal is a difficult problem due the inherent ambiguity between the haze and the underlying scene. Furthermore, all images contain some noise due to sensor (measurement) error that can be amplified in the h...