the iranian poultry sector has experienced many significant structural changes in recent years. such changes may have influenced price dynamics and transmission of shocks through marketing channels especially on retail markets. this paper investigate price transmission, threshold behavior and asymmetric adjustment in poultry sector of ardebil (ar), east azerbaijan (ea) and west azerbaijan (wa) ...

We explore factors associated with employee adjustment to virtual work. In particular, we explore structural factors (i.e., work independence and evaluation criteria) and relational factors (i.e., trust and organizational connectedness) as predictors of adjustment to virtual work. Additionally, we explore age, virtual work experience and gender as moderators of the relationships. We find that s...

In observational studies with exposures or treatments that vary over time, standard approaches for adjustment of confounding are biased when there exist time-dependent confounders that are also affected by previous treatment. This paper introduces marginal structural models, a new class of causal models that allow for improved adjustment of confounding in those situations. The parameters of a m...

this paper has used a multisectoral input-output model of iranian economy to examine the ability of different sectors of economy to create jobs per unit of output as well as capital. the results reveal that there is no conflict in a growth strategy that simultaneously attempts to improve efficiency i.e. reallocating production to sectors with low drcs, equity and job creation. although sectoral...

While there has been a considerable amount of analysis on the impact of structural adjustment policies on poverty and inequality among individuals (or what we define here as vertical inequality VI), there has been almost none into the impact of structural adjustment on inequality between culturally defined groups, or horizontal inequality (HI). Although relatively neglected in economic analysis...