Background: Tumor microenvironment is an active factor participating in immunoregulation, thereby preventing immunosurveillance and limiting the efficacy of anticancer therapies. Hypoxia as a major characteristic of solid tumors causes the expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α). This is a transcription factor that mediates hypoxic responses of tumor cells and involves in the express...

Sunitinib is an oral small-molecule multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has recently been shown to have clinical benefit as a single agent in renal cell cancer and gastrointestinal stromal tumors, leading to its Food and Drug Administration approval for treatment of these cancers. However, the benefit is short-lived; and for the majority of cancers, sunitinib single-agent clin...

background: crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a disease characterized by serious course, including acute viral fever, ecchymosis, thrombocytopenia, liver dysfunction and high rate of mortality. hypoxia inducible factor-1α (hif-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor-a (vegf-a) play an important role both in the inflamma­tory process and plasma leakage. the aim of this study was to de...

Prostate cancer frequently metastasizes to the bone, and the interaction between cancer cells and bone microenvironment has proven to be crucial in the establishment of new metastases. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) secrete various cytokines that can regulate the behaviour of neighbouring cell. However, little is known about the role of BM-MSCs in influencing the migration and the...

251 day for 4 days for peripheral blood progenitor cell priming in pediatric patients. Bone Marrow Transplant 2002;30:417-20. 5. Alegre A, Díaz MA, Madero L, Granda A, de la Vega A, Villa M, et al. Large-volume leukapheresis for peripheral blood stem cell cellection in children: a simplified single apheresis approach. Bone Marrow Transplantation 1996;17:923-7. 6. Prather K, Smith M, Bui K, Dick...

OBJECTIVES We investigated the time course of the stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF1α) expression and behavior of intravenously administered bone marrow-derived stromal (BMS) cells in the urinary bladder of partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) rats. METHODS Study 1: Recombinant SDF1α or saline was directly injected into the bladder wall of female rats followed by intravenous administra...

BACKGROUND Activated cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), preglomerular vascular smooth muscle cells (PGVSMCs), and glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) proliferate, cause hypertrophy, and produce collagen; in this way, activated CFs contribute to cardiac fibrosis, and activated PGVSMCs and GMCs promote renal fibrosis. In heart and kidney diseases, SDF-1α (stromal cell-derived factor 1α; endogenous CXCR4 [C...

BACKGROUND Stromal derived factor-1α (SDF-1α/CXCL12) is a chemokine that is up-regulated in diseases characterised by tissue hypoxia, including myocardial infarction, ischaemic cardiomyopathy and remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC), a technique of cyclical, non-injurious ischaemia applied remote from the heart that protects the heat from lethal ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Accordingly, there i...

Chemokines are a large family of structurally related chemoattractive cytokines, which have four conserved cysteines forming two disulfide bonds, and act through seven-transmembranespanning receptors coupled to heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G-protein-coupled receptors). Chemokines were thought to be signaling molecules that attract leukocytes to sites of inflammation; however, CXC chemok...