In the present study we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to investigate the influence of phonological and lexical properties of verbal items on the excitability of the tongue’s cortical motor representation during passive listening. In particular, we aimed to clarify if the difference in tongue motor excitability found during listening to words and pseudo-words (Fadiga et al. 2002) ...

The convexity theory plays an important role in many aspects of mathematical programming. In recent years, in order to relax convexity assumption, various generalized convexity notions have been obtained. One of them is the concept of ) , ( r p B− invexity defined by T.Antczak [1], which extended the class of B − invex functions with respect toη and b and the classes of ) , ( r p invex function...

relative to a hereditary torsion theory $tau$ we introduce a dimension for a module $m$, called {em $tau$-rank of} $m$, which coincides with the reduced rank of $m$ whenever $tau$ is the goldie torsion theory. it is shown that the $tau$-rank of $m$ is measured by the length of certain decompositions of the $tau$-injective hull of $m$. moreover, some relations between the $tau$-rank of $m$ and c...

‎A full Nesterov-Todd (NT) step infeasible interior-point algorithm‎ ‎is proposed for solving monotone linear complementarity problems‎ ‎over symmetric cones by using Euclidean Jordan algebra‎. ‎Two types of‎ ‎full NT-steps are used‎, ‎feasibility steps and centering steps‎. ‎The‎ ‎algorithm starts from strictly feasible iterates of a perturbed‎ ‎problem‎, ‎and, using the central path and feasi...

In every connected component of stratum Abelian differentials, we construct square-tiled surfaces with one vertical and horizontal cylinder. We show that for all but the hyperelliptic components this can be achieved in minimum number squares necessary a surface stratum. For components, required is strictly greater realising these bounds. Using surfaces, demonstrate pseudo-Anosov homeomorphisms ...