numerical analyses have shown that successful flow simulations and the accuracy of solution noticeably depend on the number of nodes used in computational meshing. a suitable meshing should have the capability of adapting with main flow parameters. because the number of total nodes that can be used in numerical simulation is limited, making such grid for complex flows is almost difficult, if it...

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) enhances human pulmonary endothelial monolayer integrity via Rac GTPase-dependent formation of a cortical actin ring (Garcia et al. J Clin Invest 108: 689-701, 2001). The mechanisms underlying this response are not well understood but may involve rapid redistribution of focal adhesions (FA) as attachment sites for actin filaments. We evaluate the effects of S1P on ...

The release of signal peptideless proteins occurs through nonclassical export pathways and the release of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)1 in response to cellular stress is well documented. Although biochemical evidence suggests that the formation of a multiprotein complex containing S100A13 and Synaptotagmin (Syt)1 is important for the release of FGF1, it is unclear where this intracellular com...

Zinc is essential for multiple aspects of metabolism. Physiologic signs of zinc depletion are linked with diverse biochemical functions rather than with a specific function, which makes it difficult to identify biomarkers of zinc nutrition. Nutrients, such as zinc, that are required for general metabolism are called type 2 nutrients. Protein and magnesium are examples of other type 2 nutrients....

We study the interplay between intrinsic rotation and internal transport barrier (ITB) dynamics through the dynamic change of the parallel Reynolds stress. Global flux-driven gyrofluid simulations are used for this study. In particular, we investigate the role of parallel velocity gradient instability (PVGI) in the ITB formation and the back transition. It is found that the excitation of PVGI i...

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a stress signal, which moves in the xylem from the roots to the aerial parts of the plant, where it regulates stomatal movement and the activity of shoot meristems. Root growth-promoting microorganisms in the rhizosphere, lateral ABA flows in the root cortex across apoplastic barriers, ABA redistribution in the stem, leaf apoplastic pH values, and the action of beta-gluco...