PURPOSE OF REVIEW Autoimmune disease has long been intertwined with investigations of infectious causes. Antibodies that are formed against an infectious agent can, through the process of molecular mimicry, also recognize healthy cells. When this occurs, the immune system erroneously destroys the healthy cells causing autoimmune disease in addition to appropriately destroying the offending infe...

BACKGROUND The acronym PANDAS (pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections) describes a subgroup of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder and/or tic disorder that experience symptom exacerbations following streptococcal infections. We hypothesized that the prevention of streptococcal infections among children in the PANDAS subgroup would decrea...

Background: In the present study two hundred milk samples were collected from cows and buffaloes with no history of clinical mastitis in ongoing lactation, Sirohi district Southern Rajasthan. Methods: The pooled sample (collected each quarter) examined for status subclinical by Modified California test Somatic cell count respectively. Positive further investigated isolation identification major...

Extracts from 19 of 29 group L streptococcal cultures reacted distinctly with antiserum against group B streptococcal type antigen X in coagglutination and immunodiffusion tests. The X antigen corresponded to those obtained by streptococci of serological groups B and G.

tp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wjorl.20 95-8811/Copyright a 2017 Chinese d. This is an open access article un Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy were developed hundreds of years ago, but they enjoyed wide popularity beginning in the early 20th century as a preventive treatment of Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngotonsillitis and its feared complication rheumatic heart disease. During...

Acute streptococcal gingivitis is an acute inflammation of the oral mucosa and also may be seen with the other oral diseases as aggressive periodontitis that is characterized by a considerable attachment loss over a relatively short period of time. Streptococcal infections of gingiva are seen rarely; also the origin of this gingival inflammation is occasionally different from that of routine pl...

Bacteremia and/or toxic shock syndrome are rare complications of streptococcal pharyngitis in adults. This report describes a previously healthy young man with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome who presented with fatigue, high fever, and suspected extensive streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis. Treatment consisted of high-dose antibiotics followed by therapy for consumptive coagulopathy, acute re...

BACKGROUND Streptococcal infections are known to trigger autoimmune disorders, affecting millions worldwide. Recently, we found an association between post-streptococcal autoantibodies against Protein Disulphide Isomerase (PDI), an enzyme involved in insulin degradation and insulin resistance. This led us to evaluate associations between post-streptococcal antibodies and metabolic syndrome, as ...

The complement cascade is crucial for clearance and control of invading pathogens, and as such is a key target for pathogen mediated host modulation. C3 is the central molecule of the complement cascade, and plays a vital role in opsonization of bacteria and recruitment of neutrophils to the site of infection. Streptococcal species have evolved multiple mechanisms to disrupt complement-mediated...

Streptococcus pyogenes is the causative agent in a wide range of diseases in humans. Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) binds to collagen-like proteins SclA and SclB at the surface of S. pyogenes. Activation of TAFI at this surface redirects inflammation from a transient to chronic state by modulation of the kallikrein/kinin system. We investigated TAFI binding characteristics...