The consumer demand is increasing for composite flour based bakery products like biscuits.The incorporation of buckwheat can be justified in composite flour based biscuits as it has beneficial nutraceutical properties and its gluten-free nature can play important role in preventing celiac problem. The physicochemical and functional properties of buckwheat flour were studied and biscuits were pr...

Planetary rovers are increasingly challenged to negotiate extreme terrain. Early destinations have been benign to preclude risk, but canyons, funnels, and newly discovered holes present steep slopes that defy tractive descent. Steep craters and holes with unconsolidated material pose a particularly treacherous danger to modern rovers. This research explores robotic braking by plowing, a novel m...

A mix-mode cohesive fracture model considering tension, compression and shear material behaviour is presented, which has wide applications to geotechnical problems. The model considers both elastic and inelastic displacements. Inelastic displacement comprises fracture and plastic displacements. The norm of inelastic displacement is used to control the fracture behaviour. Meantime, a failure fun...

Biological macromolecules have evolved over billions of years to function inside cells, so it is not surprising that researchers studying the properties of such molecules, either in extracts or in purified form, take care to control factors that reflect the intracellular environment, such as pH, ionic strength and composition, redox potential and the concentrations of relevant metabolites and e...

This research was conducted to determine the impact bending strength and dynamic bending strength of Norway spruce wood from Slovenia. An accelerometer was added to the impact pendulum in order to capture the material’s response to an instantaneous load. Impact bending strength of specimens were determined by standard method measuring the height of pendulum before and after the break. While mea...

Background: Forces applied to knots used for interrupted vs. continuous closures are very different. We studied the knot strength and knot security of three knots when simulating a continuous wound closure: the square, the sliding, and a hybrid constructed using a surgeon’s square knot followed by a sliding knot. Materials and Methods: Knot holding capacity (KHC) of single-strand 1-0 polypropyl...

In the absence of the Axiom of Choice, the “small” cardinal ω1 can exhibit properties more usually associated with large cardinals, such as strong compactness and supercompactness. For a local version of strong compactness, we say that ω1 is Xstrongly compact (where X is any set) if there is a fine, countably complete measure on ℘ω1(X). Working in ZF + DC, we prove that the ℘(ω1)-strong compact...

This article investigates how a …rm’s …nancial strength a¤ects its dynamic decision to invest in R&D. We estimate a dynamic model of R&D choice using data for German …rms in high-tech manufacturing industries. The model incorporates a measure of the …rm’s …nancial strength, derived from its credit rating, which is shown to lead to substantial di¤erences in estimates of the costs and expected lo...

The emission optics of a Steigerwald type electron gun is re-examined. The virtual and real points of divergence, divergence angles and beam-widths of the electron beams at different telefocusing strength are measured in detail for first time . Two different Wehnelt cylinders are used to establish a contrasting viewpoint. The original ‘focusing’ curves measured by Braucks are reconstructed and ...

We show that the consistency of the theory “ZF + DC + Every successor cardinal is regular + Every limit cardinal is singular + Every successor cardinal satisfies the tree property” follows from the consistency of a proper class of supercompact cardinals. This extends earlier results due to the author showing that the consistency of the theory “ZF + ¬ACω + Every successor cardinal is regular + E...