The blood islands of the visceral yolk sac (VYS) are the initial sites of hematopoiesis in mammals. We have developed a yolk sac explant culture system to study the process of blood cell and endothelial cell development from extraembryonic mesoderm cells. No benzidine-positive cells or beta H1-globin mRNA expression was detected at the primitive streak or neural plate stage of development (E7.5...

The mouse Brachyury (T) gene plays critical roles in the genesis of normal mesoderm during gastrulation and in the maintenance of a functioning notochord. Abrogation of Brachyury (T) expression within the chordamesoderm of homozygous null mutants nevertheless spares anterior axis formation. An intriguing possibility to explain the preservation of anterior axis formation in these mutants would b...

Streak cameras are commonly used to measure duration and temporal structure of subpicosecond pulses. The resolution a streak camera system strongly depends on the slew rate deflecting element, which approximately equals product amplitude operation frequency device. As combination high gradient, THz-driven deflector based has been proposed as an attractive tool reach femtosecond scale or even hi...

A prospective fate map of the late gastrulation mouse primitive streak has been charted in 8.5 dpc mouse embryos developed in culture, using the lineage marker DiI to label groups of cells. As at earlier stages, the fate of cells in the 8.5 dpc primitive streak is regionalised such that successively more caudal regions of the streak give rise to more lateral mesoderm. While most labelled cells ...

The primitive streak in peri-implantation embryos forms the mesoderm and endoderm and controls cell differentiation. The metabolic cues regulating primitive streak formation remain largely unknown. Here we utilised a mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell differentiation system and a library of well-characterised drugs to identify these metabolic factors. We found that statins, which inhibit the mevalo...

We have isolated the novel murine Sax-1 gene, a member of the NK-1 class of homeobox genes, and report its expression pattern in the developing central nervous system (CNS) in comparison to two other homeobox genes, Evx-1 and Pax-6. Sax-1 was found to be transiently expressed in the developing posterior CNS. First seen in the ectoderm lateral to the primitive streak, the signal later encompasse...

Failure of neural tube closure leads to neural tube defects (NTDs), common congenital abnormalities in humans. Among the genes whose loss of function causes NTDs in mice, Grainyhead-like3 (Grhl3) is essential for spinal neural tube closure, with null mutants exhibiting fully penetrant spina bifida. During spinal neurulation Grhl3 is initially expressed in the surface (non-neural) ectoderm, subs...

Background: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated originally from sourdough are probably the best candidates as biopreservatives, because they are well adapted to the non-aseptic conditions in sourdough fermentation. The aim of the present study was to study antifungal properties of a dominant endogenous LAB isolated from whole barley sourdough. Methods: Whole barley flour from a mixture of ba...

abstract anti-nociceptive activity of aerial parts of phytolacca americana were investigated, using the hot plate method in mice. results of the present study showed that the aqueous methanolic extract of aerial parts of p. americana produced a statistically significant increase in pain threshold after 30 min, in comparison with the control, at adose of 190 mg kg-1 (p<0.001). the activity was c...

introduction : in the recent years, due to the wide spread of resistant bacteria on one side and several different reports about the side effects of chemical drugs on the other side, vast researches on the medicinal plants have been started. in this study, antimicrobial effect of total extract of tribulus terrestris l . and its fraction containing benzoxazine derivative (terresoxazine) was stud...