Sri Lanka was devastated by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. During recovery, the Red Cross distributed approximately 12,000 free ceramic water filters. This cross-sectional study was an independent post-implementation assessment of 452 households that received filters, to determine the proportion still using filters, household characteristics associated with use, and quality of household drinkin...

Convolving the output of Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) computations using spline filters can improve both smoothness and accuracy of the output. At domain boundaries, these filters have to be one-sided for non-periodic boundary conditions. Recently, position-dependent smoothness-increasing accuracy-preserving (PSIAC) filters were shown to be a superset of the well-known one-sided RLKV and SRV fil...

Conventionally, the design of linear-phase 2-D FIR digital filters is concentrated on the class of quadrantally symmetric filters, such as circular filters, fan-type filters etc [l]. A 2-D sequence, which is symmetric in both directions, is required to realize such quadrantally symmetric filters. In this paper, we will start from the discussion of the symmetric properties of 2-D sequences to di...

In Nepal as well in other countries Southeast Asia, the World Health Organization drinking water guideline of 10 µg/L concerning arsenic concentrations ground hosted Quaternary alluvial sediments is often regionally exceeded. The commonly accepted theories include that stems from reductive dissolution As-rich Fe(III)hydr(oxides) including microbial degradation sedimentary organic matter. On con...

By Isbell duality, each compact regular frame L is isomorphic to the frame of opens of a compact Hausdorff space X. In this note we study the spectrum Spec(L) of prime filters of a compact regular frame L. We prove that X is realized as the minimum of Spec(L) and the Gleason cover of X as the maximum of Spec(L). We also characterize zero-dimensional, extremally disconnected, and scattered compa...

• For the first time, a biomass approach was used to investigate backwashed SSF. Biomass accumulated differently in scraped and slow sand filters. 16S rRNA sequencing indicated variation of bacterial community between better preserved different trophic levels after backwash. The filtrate good quality BFS ScSF despite their differences. assessed as new for evaluating filters (BSF). Slow filtrati...

PURPOSE To compare the global gene expression profile of stratified epithelia generated in vitro using simian virus 40 (SV40) immortalized human corneal epithelial cells with the previously reported gene expression of normal human corneal epithelia. METHODS Immortalized cells expanded in submerged culture were grown in an air-liquid interface of liquid permeable collagen-coated filters to fos...