BACKGROUND In October 2007, the working group CEN/TC 216 of the European Committee for standardisation suggested that the Sabin oral poliovirus vaccine type 1 strain (LSc-2ab) presently used for virucidal tests should be replaced by another attenuated vaccine poliovirus type 1 strain, CHAT. Both strains were historically used as oral vaccines, but the Sabin type 1 strain was acknowledged to be ...

Vaccines based on the strain Sofjin of the Far-Eastern tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) subtype have been used for TBE prophylaxis for over 50 years in Russia and neighboring countries. On the wide territory, where all known TBEV subtypes are circulating, the cultural, purified, concentrated, inactivated TBE vaccine Moscow has been shown to be safe and efficacious in a massive immunization....

Strain in granular materials in quasistatic conditions under varying stress originate in (I) contact deformation and (II) rearrangements of the contact network. Depending on sample history and applied load, either mechanism might dominate. One may thus define rheological regimes I and II accordingly. Their properties are presented and illustrated here with discrete numerical simulation results ...

The recognition of grain boundaries in deformed rocks from images of thin-sections or polished slabs is an essential step in describing and quantifying various features and analysis, which is usually achieved by image processing procedures. Recently, researchers from geoscience and computer science focused on this issue and many methods have been proposed. We begin with an application of minera...

an enzyme that converts some of the phosphorylated mannotetraose chains to unphosphorylated mannopentaose chains. The observation that the mnnl mutant of X2180 has the phenotype of strain 4484-24D raises the question as to whether the latter is a true “wild type” strain or one that has been selected fortuitously during the time it has been under laboratory investigation. While there is no clear...

Left atrial (LA) functional analysis has an established role in assessing left ventricular diastolic function. The current standard echocardiographic parameters used to study left ventricular diastolic function include pulsed-wave Doppler mitral inflow analysis, tissue Doppler imaging measurements, and LA dimension estimation. However, the above-mentioned parameters do not directly quantify LA ...

A novel methodology to quantify displacements and strain in musculoskeletal ultrasound sequences is presented. We extend the principles of 2D interframe displacements produced by our earlier work using hierarchical variable block size matching, to quantify displacement trajectories. We provide novel solutions for probe motion, quantification of objects moving in the 3D volume traversing the 2D ...

More than a century ago, Theodor Escherich isolated the bacterium that was to become Escherichia coli, one of the most studied organisms. Not long after, the strain began an odyssey and landed in many laboratories across the world. As laboratory culture conditions could be responsible for major changes in bacterial strains, we conducted a genome analysis of isolates of this emblematic strain fr...

conclusions this case highlights the potential severity of h1n1 infections and the utility of considering cardiac tamponade in patients presenting with influenza symptoms and circulatory collapse. case presentation we describe a case of a young female with no prior cardiovascular history who presents with a pericardial effusion and shock secondary to cardiac tamponade from pericarditis due to h...

We describe the case of a young woman with an acute HIV infection characterized at onset by neurological features. The patient spontaneously controlled her HIV infection and recovered in a short period of time. The patient's clinical and virological history showed a peculiar evolution of HIV infection, with an MDR HIV-1 in CSF and a wild HIV strain in PBMCs. The patient's PBMC showed a rapid sh...