Stroke is an interruption of blood to any part of the brain. It is the fourth leading cause of death in the USA. Rupture of atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid artery has been implicated in 20% of strokes. Currently, severity of plaques is assessed by measuring the velocity of blood flow through the stenosed artery using Doppler ultrasound. However, imaging and monitoring plaque progression ...

BACKGROUND A recent paper presents an argument and mechanism for the possible stopping of clinical trials early based on opportunity costs. DISCUSSION Although we agree that the costs and opportunity costs of clinical trials need to be reduced wherever possible, we raise concerns about the motivation and mechanism for stopping clinical trials early raised by Lavery et al. SUMMARY We argue t...

Anisotropic diffusion filtering is highly dependent on some crucial parameters, such as the conductance function, the gradient threshold parameter and the stopping time of the iterative process. The various alternative options at each stage of the algorithm are examined and evaluated and the best choice is selected. An automatic stopping criterion is proposed, that takes into consideration the ...

This paper deals with an extension of the concept of correlated strategies to Markov stopping games. The Nash equilibrium approach to solving nonzero-sum stopping games may give multiple solutions. An arbitrator can suggest to each player the decision to be applied at each stage based on a joint distribution over the players’ decisions according to some optimality criterion. This is a form of e...

Two natural and efficient stopping criteria are derived for conjugate gradient (CG) methods, based on iteration parameters. The derivation makes use of the inner product matrix B defining the CG method. In particular, the relationship between the eigenvalues and B-norm of a matrix is investigated, and it is shown that the ratio of largest to smallest eigenvalues defines the B-condition number o...

Equivalences are known between problems of singular stochastic control (SSC) with convex performance criteria and related questions of optimal stopping, see for example Karatzas and Shreve [SIAM J. Control Optim. 22 (1984)]. The aim of this paper is to investigate how far connections of this type generalise to a non convex problem of purchasing electricity. Where the classical equivalence break...

Genetic Algorithm (GA) has now become one of the leading mechanisms in providing solution to complex optimization problems. Although widely used, there are very few theoretical guidelines for determining when to stop the algorithm. This article establishes theoretically that the variance of the best fitness values obtained in the iterations can be considered as a measure to decide the terminati...

In the papers (Kaminskas, 1973; Kaminskas and Nemura, 1975) the stopping rule of recursive least squares (RLS) is worked out using the length of the confidence interval for the respective current meaning of the true output signal of a linear dynamic system. The aim of the given paper is the development of techniques for calculating threshold intervals of respective criteria, used in such a stop...

This paper puts forward a comprehensive study of the design of global stopping criteria for multi-objective optimization. In this study we propose a global stopping criterion, which is terms as MGBM after the authors surnames. MGBM combines a novel progress indicator, called mutual domination rate (MDR) indicator, with a simplified Kalman filter, which is used for evidence-gathering purposes. T...

This chapter explores the issue of overfitting in grammar-based Genetic Programming. Tools such as Genetic Programming are well suited to problems in finance where we seek to learn or induce a model from the data. Models that overfit the data upon which they are trained prevent model generalisation, which is an important goal of learning algorithms. Early stopping is a technique that is frequen...