Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stocks throughout the southern part of their North American range have experienced declines in productivity over the past two decades. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that pink (O. gorbuscha) and chum (O. keta) salmon stocks have also experienced recent declines in productivity by investigating temporal and spatial trends in productivity of 99 wild No...

Controlling for idiosyncratic volatility, large stocks earn higher returns than small stocks. Idiosyncratic volatility is positively related to return, but negatively related to size. Failure to control for idiosyncratic volatility generates a downward omitted variable bias, leading to the widely documented negative size-return relation. We explain the two contrasting sizereturn relations in a ...

The concentration on stocks of security investment funds reflects fund managers’ utilization degree of the inefficiency of market, so certain relationship exists between the performance of funds and the concentration on stocks. By analyzing practical data of Chinese stock investment funds, the relationship between the performance and the concentration on stocks is tested in the article, and the...

Prior empirical studies provide evidence that stock price reactions to listing are more favorable for stocks that have higher prospects for listing gains. These studies focus on the listing gains of liquidity and informational value. Our study examines another dimension of listing gain, namely, improved pricing efficiency. We hypothesize that low efficiency stocks in the pre-listing period woul...

In Southern Mexico, shifting cultivation is creating a mosaic of agricultural lands, secondary forests, and disturbed mature forests (montañas). Increased land-use change, due to population and market pressures has changed the structure and function of these forests. This study investigates the stocks and fluxes of woody debris during the course of secondary succession. We inventoried fine ( 1....