A new class of double-wheel molecules is manipulated on a Au(111) surface by the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) at low temperature. The double-wheel molecule consists of two subphthalocyanine wheels connected by a central rotation carbon axis. Each of the subphthalocyanine wheels has a nitrogen tag to monitor its intramolecular rolling during an STM manipulation sequence. The posi...

The process of compiler generation from lambda-calculus definitions is studied. The compiling schemes developed utilize as their object language the set of state transition machines (STMs): automata-like transition sets using firstorder arguments. An intermediate definition form, the STM-interpreter, is treated as central to the formulation of STMs. Three compiling schemes are presented: one de...

Neural activity in frontal cortical areas has been causally linked to short-term memory (STM), but whether this activity is necessary for forming, maintaining, or reading out STM remains unclear. In rats performing a memory-guided orienting task, the frontal orienting fields in cortex (FOF) are considered critical for STM maintenance, and during each trial display a monotonically increasing neu...

Almost all aerial parts of plants are continuously generated at the shoot apical meristem (SAM). To maintain a steady pool of undifferentiated cells in the SAM while continuously generating new organs, it is necessary to balance the rate of cell division with the rate of entrance into differentiation pathways. In the Arabidopsis meristem, SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) and WUSCHEL (WUS) are necessary...

The capacity of short-term memory (STM) for verbal materials depends both upon the number of familiar chunks and upon the average complexity (number of syllables) of the chunks. A model that predicts STM capacity well was built, incorporating these two factors, for a number of experiments that used both Chinese and English language materials. One experiment, which used Chinese homophones, showe...

The authors have developed an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) variable-temperature four-tip scanning tunneling microscope (STM), operating from room temperature down to 7 K, combined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Four STM tips are mechanically and electrically independent and capable of positioning in arbitrary configurations in nanometer precision. An integrated controller system for both ...

Despite decades of research, there is still disagreement regarding the nature of the information that is maintained in linguistic short-term memory (STM). Some authors argue for abstract phonological codes, whereas others argue for more general sensory traces. We assess these possibilities by investigating linguistic STM in two distinct sensory-motor modalities, spoken and signed language. Hear...

The liver, gall bladder, and ventral pancreas are formed from the posterior region of the ventral foregut. After hepatic induction, Sox17+/Pdx1+ pancreatobiliary common progenitor cells differentiate into Sox17+/Pdx1- gall bladder progenitors and Sox17-/Pdx1+ ventral pancreatic progenitors, but the cell-extrinsic signals that regulate this differentiation process are unknown. This study shows t...

To investigate the effect of sulthiame (STM) in West syndrome (WS) an open, uncontrolled add-on study was undertaken during initial pyridoxine (PDX) therapy in 12 infants, two with idiopathic and ten with symptomatic WS. All patients were initially treated with PDX (150-300 mg x kg (-1)body weight day(-1) ). In seven patients (58%) seizures and hypsarrhythmia stopped during the week after intro...

By using the first-principles density functional theory, we calculate the partial charge densities and STM images for the intradimer di-σ and interdimer end-bridge adsorption configurations of ethylene on Ge(001). Our simulated STM images show the effects of ethylene adsorption and clarify that, although STM images and surface structures evolve as the adsorption sites of ethylene on Ge(001), th...