background: repeated efforts by researchers to impose voice changes by laryngeal surface electrical stimulation (ses) have come to no avail. this present pre-experimental study employed a novel method for ses application so as to evoke the motor potential of the internal superior laryngeal nerve (isln) and create voice changes. methods: thirty-two normal individuals (22 females and 10 males) pa...

Introduction: The basic methods for assessing the vestibular system are the caloric tests, which can be performed using air or water stimulation. The aim of the study was to compare the parameters of nystagmus provoked during air caloric stimulation with the parameters obtained during water caloric stimulation in subjects with and without vertigo. Material and methods: The study included 102 su...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation in the treatment of postoperative knee arthroplasty pain and to relate these results to the stimulation parameters used. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Pedro and Web of Knowledge were systematically screened for studies investigating effects of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation on postoperative knee arthrop...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Electromagnetic brain stimulation is performed in various ways in psychiatric settings for the treatment of a variety of psychiatric disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Transcranial direct current stimulation is a comparatively simple procedure. The available results warrant optimism regarding the future of this therapeutic approach in psychiatry. Multicentre studies of repetitive tr...

In order to improve the Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) statistical efficacy increase for certain parameter vectors was investigated. Such vectors are used in real cases. Although immediate tests on humans are not possible it was possible to find rats as adequate substitute models. The rats were stimulated with a protocol of 81 parameter vectors. Their physical response was recorded. Each rat is ...