X-ray emission following giant flares of magnetars can be categorized into three categories of time scales (a) short term afterglow (b) medium term afterglow and (c) long term afterglow. Short term afterglow, which declines over several hours, seems to correspond to gravitational resettling of uplifted material. Medium term afterglow, which declines over several weeks or months, appears to be t...

A prediction model of the sound velocity and attenuation underwater cobalt-rich crusts (CRCs) was established to solve problem that it is difficult predict in thickness measurements crusts. Based on Biot theory BISQ theory, a simplified proposed for CRCs by using Kozeny–Carman (KC) equation. The models could calculate porosity detection frequency. physical mechanical properties CRCs, similarity...

the microfiltration 0.2 µm cellulose acetate (ca) membrane was modified by embedding antibacterial silver nano-particles in the membrane pores. this novel technique was developed to enhance the capability of the microfiltration membrane for removing microorganism including bacteria. the prepared membrane was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (sem), energy-dispersive x-ray spectro...

Authigenic seafl oor carbonate crusts include fenestrate microbialite, thrombolite, and four types here designated: Fine-grained Crust, Sparry Crust, Hybrid Sparry Fine-grained Crust, and Sparry Crust plus Coarse Grains. Each of the latter four types includes at least some layered examples that have generally been regarded as stromatolites. Recognition and interpretation of these various deposi...

We have investigated the crustal properties of neutron stars without fallback accretion. We have calculated the chemical evolution of the neutron star crust in three different cases (a modified Urca process without the thermal influence of a crust, a thick crust, and a direct Urca process with a thin crust) in order to determine the detailed composition of the envelope and atmosphere as the nuc...

The resonant excitation of neutron star (NS) modes by tides is investigated as a source of short gamma-ray burst (SGRB) precursors. We find that the driving of a crust-core interface mode can lead to shattering of the NS crust, liberating ∼10{46}-10{47}  erg of energy seconds before the merger of a NS-NS or NS-black-hole binary. Such properties are consistent with Swift/BAT detections of SGRB p...