Phospholipids reside in the surface layer of LDLs and constitute approximately 20-25% of the particle by weight. We report a study of the primary products generated from the most abundant molecular species of phosphatidylcholines present in LDL during in vitro free radical oxidations. The 13-hydroperoxides of 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PLPC) and 1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-...

CDP-diacylglycerol synthases (CDS) are critical enzymes that catalyze the formation of CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG) from phosphatidic acid (PA). Here we show in vitro that the two isoforms of human CDS, CDS1 and CDS2, show different acyl chain specificities for its lipid substrate. CDS2 is selective for the acyl chains at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, the most preferred species being 1-stearoyl-...

In this study several sequences that represent yellow lupine nodulin genes are identified. Four different cDNA clones were isolated from a lupine nodule cDNA library and sequenced. Database search revealed that the deduced amino acid of one clone, DD3A20, shows near 80% amino acid similarity to plant stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturases and contains crucial amino acids in the fatty acid bi...

A solubilized preparation from pigeon liver microsomes produced four species of phosphatidate when incubated with a mixture of linoleoyland stearoyl-CoA and sn-glycero-3phosphate. The appearance of distearoyl (15%) and dilinoleoyl (42%) species indicates that either acid may acylate both positions 1 and 2. I-Stearoyl-Z-linoleoylglycero-3-phosphate (21%) was no more abundant than l-linoleoyl-2-s...

The polymorphic behavior of symmetric diacid triacylglycerols (TGs), 1,3-dioleoyl-2-stearoyl (OSO), 2-elaidoyl (OEO), and 2-vaccinoyl (OVO) glycerols were studied by differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction and compared with the corresponding monoacid TGs triolein (OOO), tristearin (SSS), trielaidin (EEE), and trivaccinin (VVV). The monoacid TGs formed a bilayered structure...

We examined the effect of diacylglycerol on Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A2 from human platelets. Phospholipase A2 was solubilized and partially purified to a stable form in the presence of n-octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (octyl glucoside), and its enzymic activity was determined with sonicated 2.5 microM-1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (arachidonoyl-PC) as substrate. Phos...

Bread is one of the oldest foods known throughout history and even though it is one of the principal types of staple around the world, it usually lacks enough nutrients, including protein and fiber. As such, fortification is one of the best solutions to overcome this problem. Thus, the objective this study was to examine the effect of three levels of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)...

We hypothesized that supplementing finishing diets with palm oil would promote adipogenic gene expression but depress stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene expression in intramuscular (i.m.) adipose tissues of Hanwoo steers during fattening period (from 16 to 32 mon of age). Fourteen Hanwoo steers were allotted randomly to 2 groups of 7 steers based on initial BW and fed either a basal diet (contr...

Gene expression studies in humans and animals have shown that elevated stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1) activity is associated with increased fat accumulation and monounsaturation of saturated fatty acids in skeletal muscle. However, results of the two reported association studies in humans are inconsistent. In the present study, we annotated the bovine SCD1 gene and identified 3 single nucleotid...

Moisture-responsive materials are gaining greater interest for their potentially wide applications and the readily access to moisture. In this study, we show the fabrication of moisture-responsive, self-standing films using sustainable cellulose as starting material. Cellulose was modified by stearoyl moieties at first, leading to cellulose stearoyl esters (CSEs) with diverse degrees of substit...