This paper reports our experiences with identifying cyber-based threats to the survivability of power substation control networks. Observations from the initial application of vulnerability and hardening assessment techniques have been presented. The paper also discusses the state of the power industry cyber security, which appears to lag behind the state-ofthe-practice in both network security...

the study on gender and net farm income of cassava-based farmers under individual land tenure system was done in abia state of nigeria. the main objective was to determine the net farm income (nfi) and the benefit cost ratio (bcr) of the cassava farmers by gender vis-aviz their income levels as well as food security in the state. a multi-stage random sampling technique was adopted while data we...

This paper presents an algorithm based on inter-solutions of having scheduled electricity generation resources and the fuzzy logic as a sublimation tool of outcomes obtained from the schedule inter-solutions. The goal of the algorithm is to bridge the conflicts between minimal cost and other aspects of generation. In the past, the optimal scheduling of electricity generation resources has been ...

With the development of restructured power systems and increase of prices in some hours of day and increase fuel price, demand response programs were noticed more by customers. demand response consists of a series of activities that governments or utilities design to change the amount or time of electric energy consumption, to achieve better social welfare or some times for maximizing the benef...

State security and homeland are concepts that frequently appear in academic studies permanently enshrined law. They sometimes even treated as synonyms, despite sharing only a single element, of security. Are they really identical concepts? Do have relations indicating interpretative differences? Is there something common to these expressions link them their content? These the questions determin...

attracting foreign investment is a technique to achieve economic development, which requires establishment of appropriate legal and administrative infrastructure. in addition, host countries may ignore their public interest and national security. therefore, they have to maintain a balance between economic development and protection of national security. the concern over the national security as...