Several analysis protocols have been tested to identify early visual field losses in glaucoma patients using the mfVEP technique, some were successful in detection of field defects, which were comparable to the standard SAP visual field assessment, and others were not very informative and needed more adjustment and research work. In this study we implemented a novel analysis approach and evalua...

At the initial phase of embryo implantation, the trophoblast of the blastocyst has to establish contact to the free surface of the uterine epithelial cells (UECs) and to adhere there. Adhesion to an apical plasma membrane is a very unusual phenomenon, and mechanisms involved are poorty understood. Determination of binding forces using atomic force spectroscopy demonstrated that formation of str...

This study aims to assess the applicability of quantitative PCR (qPCR) for removal studies of adenovirus, coxsackievirus, echovirus and Cryptosporidium by water treatment processes. Bench-scale coagulation jar tests were performed using the enteric viruses and Cryptosporidium. Standard methods (conventional cell-culture methods for the viruses and an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for Cryptospo...

The electric organ discharge (EOD) of most species of the freshwater knifefishes (Gymnotiformes) of South America is of the wave, not the pulse, type. Wave EODs are usually of constant frequency and amplitude, and show a bewildering multitude of species-characteristic waveforms. The EOD of Eigenmannia is sexually dimorphic in waveform and in the intensity of its higher harmonics. In a go/no go ...

Benzodiazepines (BDZs) are anxiolytic drugs that impair memory acquisition. Previous studies using the plus-maze discriminative avoidance task (PMDAT, which assesses memory and anxiety concomitantly) indicated that the effects of BDZs on anxiety and acquisition are related to each other. The possible influence of the anxiolytic action of BDZs on their effects on memory retrieval and extinction ...