Stand-alone modeling and distributed modeling show considerable differences in methodology and amount of modeling effort needed. An approach is discussed to design and develop distributed models with the ease of stand-alone modeling and without the overhead usually associated with distributed modeling. The main objective is to obtain interchangeability of a stand-alone model and its distributed...

A vigor-structured model for mountain pine beetle outbreak dynamics within a forest stand is proposed and analyzed. This model explicitly tracks the changing vigor structure in the stand. All model parameters, other than beetle vigor preference, were determined by fitting model components to empirical data. An abrupt threshold for tree mortality to beetle densities allows for model simplificati...

Density, diameter distribution and height-diameter (H-D) pattern of a forest stand are of primary importance in deriving various stand characteristics, but measuring diameters and heights of a tree stock is rather time-consuming. That is why theoretical diameter distribution and H-D models are usually employed. We examine the prediction of them for Scots pine sample plots using information obta...

The effect of forest disturbance on the lidar waveform and the forest biomass estimation was demonstrated by model simulation. The results show that the correlation between stand biomass and the lidar waveform indices changes when the stand spatial structure changes due to disturbances rather than the natural succession. This has to be considered in developing algorithms for regional or global ...

Structure-based forest management (SBFM) is a method for improving structure and quality based on nearest-neighbor analysis. Stand spatial directly affects the health stability of ecosystems. Research effects SBFM distribution parameters needed to provide scientific basis further development implementation technology in forestry. The present study was conducted six permanent plots (20 m × 20 m)...

identification of the best vegetation indices (vis) for use in quantitative analyzes of vegetation is one of the important issues for ecologists. the objective of this study was sensitivity evaluation of vegetation indices to a stand volume for identification of the best vegetation index (vi) in stand volume estimation using a statistical sensitivity method. also, another objective of this stud...

There are intriguing parallels between plants and animals, with respect to the structures of their innate immune receptors, that suggest universal principles of innate immunity. The cytosolic nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat (NBS-LRR) resistance proteins of plants (R-proteins) and the so-called NOD-like receptors of animals (NLRs) share a domain architecture that includes a STAND (si...

Because forest stand structure, age, and productivity can mediate the impacts of climate on quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) mortality, ignoring stand-scale factors limits inference on the drivers of recent sudden aspen decline. Using the proportion of aspen trees that were dead as an index of recent mortality at 841 forest inventory plots, we examined the relationship of this mortality inde...

An individual tree basal area increment model was developed for blue oak (Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn.) in California, an important woodland tree for wildlife habitat. Box-Cox regression based on 895 increment cores that showed current basal area and the relative size of the tree crown were significant variables. Models to link basal area changes over time with tree height and crown cover wer...