Penicillin G at low concentrations blocked cell division in Caulobacter crescentus without inhibiting cell growth. The long filamentous cells formed after two to three generations under these conditions had a stalk at one pole and usually one or more flagella at the opposite pole. The failure of the filaments to form a second stalk at the flagellated pole indicates that stalk formation was depe...

Ribosomes have a characteristic protuberance termed the stalk, which is indispensable for ribosomal function. The ribosomal stalk has long been believed to be a pentameric protein complex composed of two sets of protein dimers, L12-L12, bound to a single anchor protein, although ribosomes carrying three L12 dimers were recently discovered in a few thermophilic bacteria. Here we have characteriz...

The specification of polar, main-body and stalk follicle cells in the germarium of the Drosophila ovary plays a key role in the formation of the egg chamber and polarisation of its anterior-posterior axis. High levels of Notch pathway activation, resulting from a germline Delta ligand signal, induce polar cells. Here we show that low Notch activation levels, originating from Delta expressed in ...

Efficient processing, handling, and storage of corn stover, a major crop‐based biomass, require an understanding of the moisture sorption thermodynamic properties of its fractions. Moisture sorption thermodynamic properties of the major corn stover fractions such as leaf, stalk skin, and stalk pith were determined, utilizing the static gravimetric sorption isotherms data in the temperature rang...

In animal ribosomes, two stalk proteins P1 and P2 form a heterodimer, and the two dimers, with the anchor protein P0, constitute a pentameric complex crucial for recruitment of translational GTPase factors to the ribosome. To investigate the functional contribution of each copy of the stalk proteins, we constructed P0 mutants, in which one of the two C-terminal helices, namely helix I (N-termin...

Significant genetic variability in the head region of the influenza A hemagglutinin, the main target of current vaccines, makes it challenging to develop a long-lived seasonal influenza prophylaxis. Vaccines based on the conserved hemagglutinin stalk domain might provide broader cross-reactive immunity. However, this region of the hemagglutinin is immunosubdominant to the head region. Peptide-b...

tion procedure (Lachat Instruments, Milwaukee; Method 12-107-04-1-B) to determine NO3 concentration The end-of-season stalk NO3 test has been used to determine N in aliquots of filtered extracts prepared by shaking sufficiency in corn (Zea mays L.). Nitrate concentration is commonly known weights of ground stalk material for 30 min in determined with flow-injection analysis (FIA), which is accu...

Protein synthesis on the ribosome requires translational GTPase factors to bind to the ribosome in the GTP-bound form, take individual actions that are coupled with GTP hydrolysis, and dissociate, usually in the GDP-bound form. The multiple copies of the flexible ribosomal stalk protein play an important role in these processes. Using biochemical approaches and the stalk protein from a hyperthe...