We consider the problem of ramifications, i.e., indirect effects of actions, having exceptions. It is argued that straightforward minimization of abnormality is insufficient in this context. Taking a recent causality-based solution to the plain Ramification Problem as starting point, we develop an action theory that is shown to successfully address this amalgamation of Ramification and Qualific...

This action research project was the formal stage of a much longer developmental journey. It involved a consultant nurse and staff working in a general intensive care unit that had become a Nursing Development Unit (NDU). Our mission was to continue to improve the care provided to our patients and their families through developing nurses and nursing. The journey began in 1989, three years befor...

BACKGROUND Healthcare systems worldwide are changing and the use of complementary, alternative and traditional medicine (CAM) form part of this transformation. South Africa has a large number of CAM practitioners, but they are not included in the official healthcare system. The aim of this study was to determine the perception and usage of CAM among the academic and administrative staff of the ...

Background Validation and qualification activities are nowadays an integral part of the day by day routine work in a radiopharmacy. This document is meant as an Appendix of Part B of the EANM "Guidelines on Good Radiopharmacy Practice (GRPP)" issued by the Radiopharmacy Committee of the EANM, covering the qualification and validation aspects related to the small-scale "in house" preparation of ...

The qualification of biomarkers of drug safety requires data on many compounds and nonclinical and clinical studies. The cost and effort associated with these qualifications cannot be easily covered by a single pharmaceutical company. Intellectual property associated with safety biomarkers is also held by many different companies. Consortia between different pharmaceutical companies can overcom...

BACKGROUND Knowledge about UK doctors' career intentions and pathways is essential for understanding future workforce requirements. The aim of this study was to report career choices for and career progression in anaesthesia in the UK. METHODS Postal questionnaire surveys were undertaken of qualifiers from all UK medical schools in nine qualification years since 1974. RESULTS 74% (24623/334...

This article presents the situation of education Ukrainian refugee children in Lithuania. It analyses political and practical actions taken by Lithuanian state when, after outbreak war Ukraine, schools unexpectedly received a large number from Ukraine who had not come their own free will, having fled war. how municipalities have acted decisions to strengthen psychological microclimate devise su...

Any approach to qualification of advanced technologies during product development must include an assessment of variation expected in product life over the life cycle. However, testing product design options in development, to approach an optimal design, is costly and time consuming. Hence, simulation of product life distributions for virtual qualification, can be a valuable tool to evaluate an...

The article presents an assessment of the level social prestige academic profession in Russia and European countries. In literature a thesis about crisis prevail. empirical part study is based on results in-depth interviews with staff Europe (45 informants, 2016–2019) (120 2019–2021). Informants from universities note high profession, but aslo point out its decrease end 20th to beginning 21st c...