the manning roughness coefficient is an important parameter in the design and evaluation of furrow irrigation. despite its importance, estimation of this parameter for surface irrigation is very difficult, particularly in furrow irrigation. in this study, an evalue model was used to estimate the manning roughness coefficient in furrow irrigation. the model was based on volume balance and develo...

this study evaluated the effect of the intermittent light program on serum and brain melatonin concentrations, antioxidant enzyme activities, and homocysteine concentration in broiler chickens. a total of 60 one-day-old broiler chickens (cobb 500) were distributed in three light-proof controlled rooms (20 chicks per room). all birds were reared in continuous light until 3 days of age. then, chi...

aim and background: individuals are faced with numerous stressful life events which can negatively influence their mental health. many individuals use smoking as a means of confronting stress. given the relatively high prevalence of smoking in central iran, the present study was conducted to compare stress levels in smokers, non-smokers, and those who had quit smoking. methods and materials: th...

background & aim: women experience various changes in their transition into motherhood and feel stressed while facing new challenges in this period. high levels of stress may prevent mothers from realizing their maternal role. in this study, we aimed to explore the effects of training on the stress of primiparous mothers. methods:in this quasi-experimental intervention, 100 pregnant women were ...

although the validity of content of program is mostly conducted with qualitative methods, this study used both qualitative and quantitative methods for the validation of content of post marriage training program provided for newly married couples. content validity is a preliminary step of obtaining authorization required to install the program in country's health care system.this mixed methodol...

introduction: after low back pain, the neck pain is the most prevalent pain among (especially elderly) peoples. the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of one period of exercise program on subjects neck rom and chronic neck pain. materials and methods:  for executing this study 60 elderly patient (24 males and 36 females) with mean age 56± 4.5 years old and 71± 4.4 kg with chronic...

a group of high school students attended 7 educational sessions for a preventive drug abuse program. the students were exposed to drug abusers and their families. drug abusers and their families informed the subjects about the consequences of addiction in their life: how they became addicted and how the addiction worsened their psychosocial life. moreover their families explained to students th...