The effects of yaw angle on wake characteristics a stationary square cylinder were investigated in terms the hydrodynamic forces, vortex shedding frequency, and vortical structures using direct numerical simulations (DNS) at Reynolds number 1000. In total, four angles, namely, ? = 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, considered. three-dimensional (3D) Navier–Stokes equations solved directly finite volume method ...

Abstract. We consider the square root of the Laplace operator (−∆)1/2 in a bounded domain. The square root of the Laplacian can be realized as the Dirichlet to Neumann operator of an extension problem posed on a semi-infinite cylinder. This extension problem involves a mixed boundary value problem, which we analyze in the framework of Sobolev spaces. For numerical approximation we propose a sui...