Research over the past 20 years has provided a clearer understanding of the pathogenesis of most forms of nystagmus and other ocular oscillations. To the clinician, these advances translate into greater accuracy of nystagmus as a diagnostic sign. However, to capitalise on these advances, it is important to systematically examine eye movements and interpret the findings with reference to pathoph...

PURPOSE Periodic alternating nystagmus (PAN) is a spontaneous horizontal nystagmus observed in disorders of the central nervous system. Patients with congenital PAN complain of oscillating vision at high rates. Medication is the first-choice treatment for PAN; however, clinicians still seek better therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes of recession of four horizontal rectus mus...

We have described a neuromimetic model of the interaction between the inferior olive (IO) and the cerebellum that accounts for symptomatic oculopalatal tremor (OPT), a disorder characterized by oscillations of the eyes (nystagmus), palate and other branchial muscles. OPT develops months after some brainstem strokes, in association with hypertrophic degeneration of the inferior olivary nucleus (...

Key points • The Tullio phenomenon is sound-induced vertigo, nystagmus, or both. • Hennebert sign is pressure-induced vertigo, nystagmus, or both, elicited by insufflation of the external auditory canal. • Typically, in affected patients with superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome, there is a several-year history of symptoms that may include sound-induced vertigo (Tullio phenomenon), p...

Various hypotheses on the origin of cerebellar downbeat nystagmus (DBN) have been presented; the exact pathomechanism, however, is still not known. Based on previous anatomical and electrophysiological studies, we propose that an asymmetry in the distribution of on-directions of vertical gaze-velocity Purkinje cells leads to spontaneous upward ocular drift in cerebellar disease, and therefore, ...

Introduction Interdisciplinary research has contributed greatly to an improved understanding of the vestibular system. To date, however, very little research has focused on the vestibular system's somatosensory afferents. To ensure the diagnostic quality of vestibular somatosensory afferent data, especially the extra cranial afferents, stimulation of the vestibular balance system has to be prec...

Examination of the dizzy patient should include a search for neurological signs and symptpms careful observation nystagmus. Most symptoms are markers dizziness central origin. However, some them represent vestibular or other imbalances that cause dizziness. Nystagmus could also peripheral Careful examination can help in discriminating psychogenic (functional)

the objective of this study was to describe the role of electrical stimulation in controlling peripheral vertigo. in a prospective study on 13 healthy volunteers, nystagmus was induced with caloric stimulation and the interval of nystagmus disappearance was recorded. this time indicates the basal response of vestibular end-organ. after caloric irrigation, pulsed signal was applied for each pers...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical pathophysiology of oculomotor changes in a patient presenting with a spontaneous semicircular horizontal canal plug. PATIENT A 42-year-old man with acute spontaneous vertigo with spinning and persistent left-horizontal nystagmus, intensity but not direction dependent on head orientation with respect to gravity, indicating a benign paroxysmal positional verti...