Landslide is one of the natural disasters that occur in Malaysia. Topographic factors such as elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, general curvature, plan curvature, and profile curvature are considered as the main causes of landslides. In order to determine the dominant topographic factors in landslide mapping analysis, a study was conducted and presented in this paper. There are three main s...

Results. For the spherical surface, both curvature-based paraxial power approximations were uniform over the entire surface because curvature is constant. However, the corneal refractive power increased from center to periphery, demonstrating the known phenomenon of spherical aberration. For the ellipsoids, which have been shown to model the human cornea, curvature-based power approximations de...

Marr [(1982) Vision, San Francisco, Calif.: Freeman] proposed that we represent surface geometry in terms of a viewer-centred description of surface orientation and distance. This description is computed by a range of independent processing systems which take as input particular kinds of information present in images, like surface texture, shading, retinal disparity and motion parallax. The out...