There are two basic problems in the statistical analysis of neural data. The "encoding" problem concerns how information is encoded in neural spike trains: can we predict the spike trains of a neuron (or population of neurons), given an arbitrary stimulus or observed motor response? Conversely, the "decoding" problem concerns how much information is in a spike train, in particular, how well can...

Time scale parametric spike train distances like the Victor and the van Rossum distances are often applied to study the neural code based on neural stimuli discrimination. Different neural coding hypotheses, such as rate or coincidence coding, can be assessed by combining a time scale parametric spike train distance with a classifier in order to obtain the optimal discrimination performance. Th...

A computer algorithm to identify 'bursts' in trains of spikes is described. The algorithm works by constructing a histogram of interspike intervals, then analyzing the histogram to detect the critical interval value in the distribution that represents the break between short intervals within a burst and the longer intervals between bursts. When such a value is found, it is used as the 'threshol...

We describe the results of quantitative information theoretic analyses of neural encoding, particularly in the primate visual, olfactory, taste, hippocampal, and orbitofrontal cortex. Most of the information turns out to be encoded by the firing rates of the neurons, that is by the number of spikes in a short time window. This has been shown to be a robust code, for the firing rate representati...

To characterize spike coding in spinal neurons during rhythmic locomotor activity, we recorded from individual cells in the lumbar spinal cord of neonatal rats by using the on-cell patch-clamp technique. Locomotor activity was induced by N-methyl-D aspartate (NMDA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and monitored by ventral root recording. We made an estimator based on the assumption that the numbe...

To assess whether the output of the cat retina and LGN is sufficiently precise to support a temporal coding scheme, we determined whether spike timing in recorded spike trains is more precise than would be expected on the basis of the firing rate alone. We compared spike time deviations (temporal offsets between nearest spikes in subsequent responses to repeated presentations of the same stimul...

Abstract This paper reports the fabrication of an artificial synapse (AS) based on two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) film. The AS emulates important synaptic functions such as paired-pulse facilitation, spike-rate dependent plasticity, spike-duration plasticity and spike-number plasticity. spike voltage can mediate ion migration in gel to regulate conductance MoS channel, thereby re...