We introduce knowledge spillovers as an externality in the production function of competitive firms operating in a finite spatial domain under adjustment costs. Spillovers are spatial as productive knowledge flows more easily among firms located nearby. When knowledge spillovers are not internalized by firms spatial agglomerations may emerge endogenously in a competitive equilibrium, however, t...

Background: Measuring peak expiratory flow rate has been suggested as an important tool in asthma management by all international guidelines.  Objective: Studies on various populations have shown considerable variations in normal values of peak expiratory flow rate. Since reference standards for Iranian children are not available, the present study was performed to establish these standards. Me...

introduction during the last decades interest in organic production of seed specially for medicinal plants take into consideration because of higher quality of organic products (hermes, 2010). seed germination is one of the principal stages in the plant life cycle and seeds with higher quality and vigour resulted in more pronounced seedlings growth and development. therefore, investigation of a...

Spent HDS catalyst is an important secondary resource for extracting molybdenum. This study aimed to introduce a comprehensive process separating and recovering molybdenum from the roasted spent catalysts. The brief flow of novel technology contains pressure Na2CO3 liquor leaching, selective extraction using N263, circulating leaching raffinate. in catalysts can be leached by with 95.4%. Methyl...

BACKGROUND For patients with chronic respiratory failure or sleep breathing disorders, adaptation and training are important prerequisites for successful home noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and CPAP. In Europe, management of NIV/CPAP is sometimes performed by physiotherapists (PTs). However, their role within the NIV/CPAP management team is not well defined. OBJECTIVE To describe the implement...

We study the cost of storage management for garbage-collected programs compiled with the Standard ML of New Jersey compiler. We show that the cost of storage management is not the same as the time spent garbage collecting. For many of the programs, the time spent garbage collecting is less than the time spent doing other storage-management tasks. 1Authors’ addresses: David Tarditi, Computer Sci...

When the TCP and IP protocols were first proposed the emphasis was on a simple best-effort service. Later on TCP was modified in order to address the issue of congestion control, that is to make sure that the senders would not overwhelm the network by sending data too fast. Over the years these protocols have shown an excellent scalability and have allowed the Internet to grow from a network co...

Sud, please find attached a draft writing on the subject (Word 5.1 format). I guess the next process is to: reflect your comments on the draft, run through a quick editing, and prepare a final copy in the form of a letter from me to you??! Hee