We examine the dual graph representation of simplicial manifolds in causal dynamical triangulations (CDT) as a means to build observables and propose new based on finite element methods (FEM). In particular, with application FEM techniques, we extract (low-lying) spectrum Laplace-Beltrami (LB) operator Sobolev space ${H}^{1}$ scalar functions piecewise flat compare them corresponding results ob...

We report on a high-fidelity, spectral/hp element algorithm developed for the direct numerical simulation of thermal convection problems. consider incompressible Navier–Stokes (NS) and advection–diffusion equations coupled through body-forcing term. The flow is driven by prescribed flowrate forcing with explicit treatment nonlinear advection terms. body-force term also decouples both NS equatio...

Article history: Received 25 April 2008 Received in revised form 13 August 2008 Accepted 14 August 2008 Available online 29 August 2008