The paper is focused on identification and measurement of the main parameters of the stacked supercapacitors (SC). The volt-ampere method was used to measure the charge/discharge characteristic, impedance spectroscopy method for measurement of the equivalent serial resistance and analysis of the dynamic parameters. The measured and calculated parameters are: equivalent serial resistance (ESR), ...

We comment on and translate Gustav Kirchhoff’s important paper of 1857 entitled “On the motion of electricity in conductors.” The significance of this paper is that Kirchhoff proved with action at a distance that electric disturbances travel along wires of negligible resistance with the velocity of light. He accomplished this with the laws of Newtonian electrodynamics (Coulomb, Ampere, F. Neuma...