groundwater aquifers are an important source of water supply for agriculture, industry and drinking. the present study investigates the changes in the quality of groundwater using geostatistical methods in the ravar plain during a 10-year period. in this study, after selecting the appropriate spatial interpolation method to draw water quality parameters such as tds, sar and ec, zoning maps of r...

Objectives: Precipitation is a major component of the hydrological cycle. varies in intensity throughout time and space. The discharge at outlet catchment directly proportional to precipitation received catchment. current research looks as well patterns Sagar Kokkarne catchments Western Ghats Karnataka, India. Methods: In present research, soil water assessment tool (SWAT) has been applied moni...

Oscillatory pumping tests-in which flow is varied in a periodic fashion-provide a method for understanding aquifer heterogeneity that is complementary to strategies such as slug testing and constant-rate pumping tests. During oscillatory testing, pressure data collected at non-pumping wells can be processed to extract metrics, such as signal amplitude and phase lag, from a time series. These me...

Many ecosystems experience strong temporal variability in environmental conditions; yet, a clear picture of how niche and neutral processes operate to determine community assembly in temporally variable systems remains elusive. In this study, we constructed neutral metacommunity models to assess the relative importance of neutral processes in a spatially and temporally variable ecosystem. We an...

We examined the spatiotemporal distribution and accumulation of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and zinc (Zn) during the growth and maturation of grey poplar (Populus tremula × alba) leaves covering plastochrons 01 through 10. This period spans the sugar sink-to-source transition and requires coordinated changes of multiple core metabolic processes that likely involve alterations in essential and ...

The liquid metal flow and the solidification behaviours in a multi-cavity casting mould of two automotive cast parts were simulated in three dimensions. The commercial code, FLOW-3D® was used because it can track the front of the molten metal by a Volume of Fluid (VOF) method and allows complicated parts to be modeled by the Fractional Area/Volume Obstacle Representation (FAVOR) meth...

[1] We investigate spatio-temporal relationships between soil CO2 flux (FCO2), meteorological variables, and topography over a ten-day period (09/12/2006 to 09/21/ 2006) at the Horseshoe Lake tree kill, Mammoth Mountain, CA. Total CO2 discharge varied from 16 to 52 t d !1, suggesting a decline in CO2 emissions over decadal timescales. We observed systematic changes in FCO2 in space and time in ...

Regional myocardial blood flows are markedly heterogeneous. Fractal analysis shows strong near-neighbor correlation. In experiments to distinguish control by vascular anatomy vs. local vasomotion, coronary flows were increased in open-chest dogs by stimulating myocardial metabolism (catecholamines + atropine) with and without adenosine. During control states mean left ventricular (LV) myocardia...

Within-species hybrid incompatibility can arise when combinations of alleles at more than one locus have low fitness but where possession of one of those alleles has little or no fitness consequence for the carriers. Limited dispersal with small numbers of mate potentials alone can lead to the evolution of clusters of reproductively isolated genotypes despite the absence of any geographical bar...

Two important mechanisms affect our ability to estimate solute concentrations quantitatively from the inversion of field-scale electrical resistivity tomography ERT data: 1 the spatially variable physical processes that govern the flow of current as well as the variation of physical properties in space and 2 the overparameterization of inverse models, which requires the imposition of a smoothin...