Water mass distribution was studied by analyzing historical hydrographic data in the South China Sea. Despite considerable modification of characteristics as a result of mixing, waters of both salinity maximum and minimum of the North Pacific origin were traced on the density surfaces around 25.0 and 26.73 su, respectively. In the salinity maximum layer, property distribution suggests an intrus...

the present study aimed to monitor the land use change in the shazand watershed with different development policies using land use net changes and exchanges in land change modeller (lcm) forperiod of1973to2014and in sub-watersheds scale. in the study period, rangeland area reduced about 380 km2 and rainfed and irrigation farm lands increased successively 100 and 150 km2 in the first and the sec...

The introduction of irrigation to agrarian areas involves several environmental changes that can be aggravated by physical and agronomic factors. The aim of this study is to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of the environmental impact on water resources that result from the transition of an agrarian basin into an irrigated area. During five hydrological years, a spatiotemporal comparison was...

Spatial and temporal patterns in microbial biodiversity across the Amazon river-ocean continuum were investigated along ∼675 km of the lower Amazon River mainstem, in the Tapajós River tributary, and in the plume and coastal ocean during low and high river discharge using amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA genes in whole water and size-fractionated samples (0.2-2.0 μm and >2.0 μm). River communiti...

in recent years, decrease in depth of uromia lake, has resulted in higher increase of salinity threat in agricultural lands around the lake. the aims of this study were 1- investigation of the spatial changes in soil salinity using the bayesian maximum entropy method (bme); 2- prediction of the boundary between saline and agricultural lands; and 3- assessment of the uncertainty involved with sa...

Net ecosystem metabolism (NEM) is becoming a commonly used ecological indicator of estuarine ecosystem metabolic rates. Estuarine ecosystem processes are spatially and temporally variable, but the corresponding variability in NEM has not been properly assessed. Spatial and temporal variability in NEM was assessed in four western Gulf of Mexico shallow water estuaries. NEM was calculated from hi...