We apply a logistic smooth transition market model (LSTM) to a sample of returns on Australian industry portfolios to investigate whether bull and bear market betas differ. Unlike other studies, our LSTM model allows for smooth transition between bull and bear states and allows the data to determine the threshold value. The estimated value of the smoothness parameter was very large for all indu...

The characteristics of the hydrate-bearing sediments affect formation and dissociation gas hydrate in sediments. mineral composition, their dispersion, chemical composition sediment samples plays a dominant role stability condition its economic development. In this paper, physical properties India are compared with each other. taken from Krishan-Godavari basin (Depth—127.5 203.2 mbsf), Mahanadi...

Both urban residents and farmers benefit from agro tourism. Farmers now have a second source of income, family members job opportunity. However, there are some issues with how such centers being developed. Therefore, in order to advance raise the income level Maharashtra, government other relevant authorities should try support these activities. The study's goal was investigate difficulties tha...

The origins of flora and fauna that are only found in Ireland and Iberia, but which are absent from intervening countries, is one of the enduring questions of biogeography. As Southern French, Iberian and Irish populations of the land snail Cepaea nemoralis sometimes have a similar shell character, we used mitochondrial phylogenies to begin to understand if there is a shared "Lusitanian" histor...