OBJECTIVES This paper compares patterns of smoking and high-risk alcohol use across regions in England, and assesses the impact on these of adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. DESIGN Population survey of 53 922 adults in England aged 16+ taking part in the Alcohol and Smoking Toolkit Studies. MEASURES Participants answered questions regarding their socioeconomic status (SES), ge...

BACKGROUND Detailed information regarding the spatial and/or spatial-temporal distribution of mortality is required for the efficient implementation and targeting of public health interventions. OBJECTIVES Identify high risk clusters of mortality within the Agincourt subdistrict for targeting of public health interventions, and highlight areas for further research. DESIGN Mortality data wer...

BACKGROUND Ethnicity is associated with genetic, environmental, lifestyle and social constructs. Difficult to define using a single variable, but strongly predictive of health outcomes and useful for planning healthcare services, it is often lacking in administrative databases, necessitating the use of a surrogate measure. A potential surrogate for ethnicity is birthplace. Our aim was to measur...

OBJECTIVES To identify indicators of quality use of medicines used in South-East Asian region. METHODS A systematic review was conducted searching MEDLINE, Embase and The International Network for Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) and The World Health Organization (WHO) website. Original studies or reports carried out in the South-East Asian region, explicitly using indicators to measure quality ...

a National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA b Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA c Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA d Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA e Grand Accélérate...

INTRODUCTION A total of 17 cases of penetrating neck injury were managed by the otolaryngology team at King's College Hospital over a 3-year period in the 1980s. In April 2010 King's College Hospital became the major trauma centre for South East London. This prospective cohort study compares the incidence, changing demographic features and treatment outcomes of penetrating neck trauma in South...

BACKGROUND Caesarean section is a commonly performed operation on women that is globally increasing in prevalence each year. There is a large variation in the rates of caesarean, both in high and low income countries, as well as between different institutions within these countries. This audit aimed to report rates and reasons for caesarean and associated clinical care practices amongst nine ho...

Quaternary climatic cycles have influenced marine organisms' spatial distribution and population dynamics. This study aimed to elucidate the evolutionary influences of contemporary and glacial physical barriers on the population structure, demography and colonization history of the mudskipper (Periophthalmus modestus) based on a mitochondrial gene segment (ND5) from 131 individual fish sampled ...