An increased demand on hydrogen, which is essential for a deeper hydrorefining of petroleum oils to ensure better quality of motor fuels (from the point of view of exhaust emissions) motivate research on partial oxidation (POX) of high-boiling hydrocarbons residues or alternative biomass waste1–4. Process POX is based on the reaction between raw material and oxygen in the presence of water vapo...

The ability to observe chemical reactions at the molecular level convincingly demonstrates the physical and chemical phenomena occurring throughout a reaction mechanism. Videos obtained through in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the oxidation of catalytic soot under practical reaction conditions. Carbon oxidation reactions using Ag/SiO2 or Cs2CO3/nepheline catalysts were pe...

Accurate measurements and modelling of soot formation in turbulent flames at elevated pressures form a crucial step towards design methods that can support the development practical combustion devices. A mass number density preserving sectional model is here combined with transported joint-scalar probability function (JDPF) method enables fully coupled scalar space soot, gas-phase species entha...

Soot production (including formation and oxidation) is studied in the transient, high-pressure turbulent n-dodecane Spray A flames from Engine Combustion Network (ECN) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. two-equation soot-in-flamelet modeling approach applied within framework of Unsteady Flamelet Progress Variable (UFPV) model results are validated against experimental data. E...

2 Abstract`A three-dimensional reacting flow modeling approach is presented for predictions of compression ignition, combustion, NOx and soot emissions over a wide range of operating conditions in a diesel engine. The ignition/combustion model is based on a modified eddy dissipation concept (EDC) which has been implemented into the KIVA 3V engine simulation code. The modified EDC model is used ...

Abstract Mn-based catalysts for soot oxidation have been developed without noble metals. The compositions are LaMn 0.9 Co 0.1 O 3 , La K Mn (LKMC), Sr and K/La : provides stability to the structure both in oxidizing reducing atmospheres efficiently exchanges oxygen. Moreover, doping enhances oxidation. Adding or as A-site cation perovskite composition allows comparing behaviors of so-obtained p...

Optical techniques, such as the light extinction and scattering as well as the laser-induced incandescence and the spectral soot emission, have been used routinely to measure soot concentrations in atmospheric flames. Laser-induced incandescence and light scattering have been proven to measure the primary soot particle size as well in atmospheric flames; however, using these two techniques for ...

Recently, a novel method emerged to determine the oxygen storage degree of three way catalysts (TWC) by a microwave-based method. Up to now, this method has been investigated only in lab-scale reactors or under steady state conditions. This work expands those initial studies. A TWC-coated gasoline particulate filter was investigated in a dynamic engine test bench simulating a typical European d...

We report in situ, real-time detection of soot particles coated with NaCl using excimer laser fragmentation fluorescence spectroscopy (ELFFS). Carbon atom fluorescence at 248 nm and the Na D-line at 589 nm are used as signatures of soot and NaCl, respectively. Soot particles are encapsulated with a NaCl layer in a well-controlled inverted flame burner. NaCl particles are injected into the metha...