Closed-cage all-carbon molecules referred to as fullerenes were discovered in carbon vapor from laser heating of graphite and subsequently produced in macroscopic quantities by resistive heating of carbon rods. Suggestions that fullerenes may be involved in soot formation, and the detection, in flames, of all-carbon ions having the same masses as fullerenes, have generated much interest in the ...

The soot combustion mechanism over potassium-supported oxides (MgO, CeO2 and ZrO2) was studied to clarify the active sites and discover unified reaction intermediates in this typical gas-solid-solid catalytic reaction. The catalytically active sites were identified as free K(+) rather than K2CO3, which can activate gaseous oxygen. The active oxygen spills over to soot and forms a common interme...

Aromatics growth beyond 2-, 3-ring PAH is analyzed through a radical-molecule reaction mechanism which, in combination with a previously developed PAH model, is able to predict the size distribution of aromatic structures formed in rich premixed flames of ethylene at atmospheric pressure with C/O ratios across the soot threshold limit. Modeling results are in good agreement with experimental da...

In order to examine the pulmonary toxicity of kerosene oil and its combustion product (soot) in asbestos-exposed rats, various biochemical and chemical parameters were assayed. Treatment of rats with a single intratracheal dose of chrysotile asbestos (5 mg) and kerosene (50 microliters) or its soot (5 mg) in combination led to an increased number of pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM), elevate...

The micro-structure of laminar premixed, atmospheric-pressure, fuel-rich flames of n-heptane/oxygen/argon has been studied at two equivalence ratios (C/O 0.63 and C/O 0.67). A heated quartz microprobe coupled to an online gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HP 5890 Series II/HP 5972) has been used to establish the identities and absolute concentrations of stable major, minor, and trace specie...

The multiscale full-spectrum k-distribution (MSFSK) method has become a promising method for radiative heat transfer in inhomogeneous media. The scope of the MSFSK method has been limited to radiation calculations involving inhomogeneous gas mixtures only. The objective of this paper is to develop a MSFSK model that is accurate for inhomogeneous mixtures of both gases and nongray particles, suc...

Yoshihiro Sukegawa Kazuhiro Oryoji Eiji Ishii, Dr. Eng. OVERVIEW: Improving the fuel economy and emissions of vehicle engines requires a detailed understanding of the various physical processes taking place inside the engine so as to identify optimal combustion control techniques and engine component designs. Based on numerical techniques established by its power plant business for the analysis...

We have utilized a range of manufactured or commercial nanoparticulate materials, including surrogate carbon nano-PM along with combustion-generated carbonaceous (soot) nano-PM characteristic of environmental nano- PM (both indoor and outdoor) to investigate and compare their cytotoxic response in vitro with an immortalized human epithelial (lung model) cell line (A549). These have included nan...

main purpose of current study is development of a new multi zone model for direct injection diesel engines. zone configuration is based on conical shape of spray. siebers’s correlation is used for spray cone angle calculation. experimental data are used for calculation of fuel inlet mass flow rate. fuel diffusion in different zones is calculated using fick’s law. a chemical kinetics mechanism c...

Direct injection Diesel-style engines emit solid-phase carbonaceous particulate matter (i.e. soot) at levels that negatively impact both climate change and personal health. Although advances in injection technology have increased atomization and mixing of the injected fuel jet, which reduces local equivalence ratios and decreases soot formation, aftertreatment is still required. This in turn ha...