The shock reflection problem is one of the most important problems in mathematical fluid dynamics, since this problem not only arises in many important physical situations but also is fundamental for the mathematical theory of multidimensional conservation laws that is still largely incomplete. However, most of the fundamental issues for shock reflection have not been understood, including the ...

Erroneous activation of the Hedgehog pathway has been linked to a great amount of cancerous diseases and therefore a large number of studies aiming at its inhibition have been carried out. One leverage point for novel therapeutic strategies targeting the proteins involved, is the prevention of complex formation between the extracellular signaling protein Sonic Hedgehog and the transmembrane pro...

The Concorde produces audible sonic booms as it passes 15 km north of Sable Island, Nova Scotia, where gray and harbor seals occur year round. The purpose of this research was to assess how sonic booms affect these seals. The intensity of the booms was measured and three types of data (beach counts, frequency of behavior, and heart rate) were collected before and after booms during the breeding...

Lusitanian toadfish males that provide parental care rely on acoustic signals (the boatwhistle) to attract females to their nest. We test the hypothesis that male quality, namely male size and condition that are relevant for parental success, is reflected in vocal activity and boatwhistle characteristics and thus advertised to females. We recorded 22 males over a week during the peak of the bre...

Supersonic air transport generates sonic booms that can affect people, animals and structures. There is a renewed interest in high-speed transport for civilian application. The widely used standard atmosphere for sonic boom prediction is neither capable of describing topographical variation, nor temporal variations, nor the impact of wind on the propagation of a sonic boom. However, within the ...

This paper describes the concepts, design, implementation, and evaluation of two new interfaces for music performance and composition. Both of the interfaces were motivated by the idea of creating music through drawing, but they approach the activity in very different ways. While the Graphonic Interface allows you to make music as you are drawing, the Sonic Scanner requires pre-composed graphic...

Background Blood–nerve barrier disruption is pivotal in the development of neuroinflammation, peripheral sensitization, and neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury. Activation of toll-like receptor 4 and inactivation of Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathways within the endoneurial endothelial cells are key events, resulting in the infiltration of harmful molecules and immunocytes within the n...

Synthesis and Antiplatelet Aggregation Activities In Vitro of N,N’di(3-Substitutedphenyl)-4-Methoxyl Benzene-1,3-Disulfonamides Xiu Jie Liu1*, Chao Qing Wang1, Xiao Wang2, Qing Xiang Zhang1, Kai Liu1 1The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P.R. China 2Department of Applied Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjia...

This paper describes an Artificial Life system for music composition. An evolving ecology of sonic entities populate a virtual world and compete for limited resources. Part of their genetic representation permits the creatures to make and listen to sounds. Complex musical and sonic relationships can develop as the creatures use sound to aid in their survival and mating prospects.