Introduction: To evaluate the cAMP -mediated IBMX (3-IsoButyle -1-Methyl Xanthin) and db-cAMP (dibutyryl cAMP) effects on differentiation of human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs) into nerve cells were the objectives of this study. Methods: We have used Royan H1 hESC- derived embryoid bodies with four treatment groups: six days treatment with IBMX (5×10 -4M) and db-cAMP (10 -9M) (referred to as...

lymphomas are solid tumors of immune system and non-hodgkin lymphomas (nhl) is the most prevalent lymphomas; with wide ranges of histological and clinical features, it is so difficult to identify them. herein, various bioinformatics tools (such as gene differential expressions, epigenetics and protein analysis) employed to find new treatment approach for nhl based on gene expression variation b...

objectives the cause of rheumatoid arthritis (ra) as a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease is still unknown. it appears that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in its pathogenesis. recent studies reveal that in addition to the cns, immune cells synthesis neurotransmitters so that these catecholamines can regulate immune functions. the aim of this study is to evaluate the dop...

The tomato is an economically important crop worldwide, although fungal infections by Alternaria alternata are the main cause of large postharvest fruit losses. One alternative to chemical control induction defense mechanism plants with natural molecules such as chitin. Chitin a polysaccharide cell wall that recognized plasma membrane receptors activates transcription plant genes. Because there...

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is an environmental sensor and ligand-activated transcription factor that involved in epithelial homeostasis barrier development of the skin. Through genome-wide transcriptomic epigenomic analyses human primary keratinocytes upon AHR activation using TCDD we identified early late responsive genes. genes were enriched for canonical factors known to promote ker...

background in the influenza a viruses, neuraminidase (na), hemagglutinin (ha), pb2, ns1 and m are responsible for the disease pathogenicity. the mechanism of pathogenicity differs among these viruses. binding of host proteases by the viral na, sequence of ha in the cleavage and receptor-binding sites, number of oligosaccharide side chains of ha, shortening of na, and substitutions in pb2, ns1 a...