introduction: male urethral stricture is a complicated urologic disease that could be successfully treated using internal urethrotomy. laser internal urethrotomy has been used in many cases with favorable outcome in many studies. holmium: yag laser with its incisional properties on tissue is one of the laser types applied for internal urethrotomy. methods: we present a 19 year-old male with his...

Due to their high plasma frequencies, drifting semiconductor plasmas interacting with slow electromagnetic waves hold promise for terahertz amplifiers and oscillators. In these devices, the gain and the type of instabilities are influenced by electron collisions. To study the effect of collisions, we developed a two-wave model describing the interaction between drifting solid-state plasmas and ...

This paper describes a unique capacitively-sensed MEMS-based gyroscope, which utilizes rotating carrier rotate as driven force and responds to an external angular rate of yaw due to the Coriolis Effect. The basic construction and operating principles of the gyroscope are described and illustrated. MEMS-based gyroscope output is presented at different yaw angular acceleration. The raw results ob...

As a new inertial navigation device, the resonant optical gyroscope offers advantages that include high precision, device integration, impact resistance, and solid-state realization. This will be widely used in future military civil applications. Following consideration of factors affect accuracy improvement fiber optic gyroscopes, relationships among insertion loss, coupling coefficient, unit ...

Flies use so-called halteres to sense body rotation based on Coriolis forces for supporting equilibrium reflexes. Inspired by these halteres, a biomimetic gimbal-suspended gyroscope has been developed using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. Design rules for this type of gyroscope are derived, in which the haltere-inspired MEMS gyroscope is geared towards a large measurement band...

We show that charges associated with the internal Lorentz symmetries of general relativity, higher derivative boundary terms included in action, capture observable gravitational wave effects. In particular, Gauss-Bonnet charge measures precession rate a freely-falling gyroscope, while Pontryagin encodes relative radial acceleration test masses. This relation highlights importance tetrad formali...

In this study, torsional wave propagation is investigated in a rod that are made of one and two dimensional functionally graded material. Firstly, the governing equations of the wave propagation in the functionally graded cylinder derived in polar coordinate. Secondly, finite difference method is used to discretize the equations. The Von Neumann stability approach is used to obtain the time ste...

background bleaching of traumatized discolored teeth is considered an important issue in esthetic dentistry. various methods have been introduced for bleaching, some of which may have adverse effects on soft or hard tissues of the tooth. objectives the objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of ktp laser bleaching on enamel of traumatized teeth. materials and methods a square of 36 m...

in this paper, nickel oxide (nio) nanoparticles have been prepared by solid state thermal decomposition of an acyclic nickel(ii) complex (1,2-bis(2-formyl-3-methoxyphenyl)propane)nickel(ii) chloride, [nil]cl2, in an electrical furnace at optimal temperature, 450 ºc for 3.5 h. the nickel(ii) complex is obtained via solid state synthesis using nickel(ii) chloride and tetradentate o4 acyclic ligan...

context:in this review, we discuss empirical and stoichiometric models, which have been developed recently in ssf processes and the influence of environmental conditions on the variables of these models. additionally, new studies on modeling of product formation are also mentioned. evidence acquisition:solid-state fermentation (ssf) is recognized as a cheap process for producing many valuable p...