This study evaluates the effectiveness of solar water disinfection (SODIS) in the reduction and inactivation of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and of the human Norovirus surrogate, murine Norovirus (MNV-1), under natural solar conditions. Experiments were performed in 330 ml polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles containing HAV or MNV-1 contaminated waters (10(3) PFU/ml) that were exposed to natural...

TEAM 6 Consultants evaluated cooling tower and blowdown water treatment options, recommended a treatment method, and designed a reuse distribution system for irrigation at the Molasky Corporate Center to be leased by the Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA). Design parameters utilized to achieve irrigation water quality and quantity compatible with the building landscape design and acceptable...

Sunlight inactivation of poliovirus type 3 (PV3), adenovirus type 2 (HAdV2), and two bacteriophage (MS2 and PRD1) was investigated in an array of coastal waters to better understand solar inactivation mechanisms and the effect of natural water constituents on observed inactivation rates (k(obs)). Reactor scale inactivation experiments were conducted using a solar simulator, and k(obs) for each ...

A cheap method by which hospital blankets may be effectively disinfected (approximately 3d. per blanket) is described. A recommendation is made that blankets from the patients' beds be divided into: ;socially dirty' blankets to be laundered, possibly at infrequent intervals; and ;socially clean' blankets to be disinfected frequently. The wide range of a synthetic phenolic compound is described....

Sequential helminth egg inactivation using a solar driven advanced oxidation process (AOP) followed by chlorine was achieved. The photo-assisted Fenton process was tested alone under different H(2)O(2) and/or Fe(II) concentrations to assess its ability to inactivate Ascaris suum eggs. The effect of free chlorine alone was also tested. The lowest egg inactivation results were found using Fe(II) ...

BACKGROUND: The current standards for chlorine and monochloramine disinfection of drinking water were established using information obtained from bench-scale disinfection experiments of monodispersed hepatitis A virus. It is not clear whether these standards are sufficient for the four virus types listed on the CCL2. Several disinfection studies have been conducted on representative coxsackievi...

Ultraviolet light (UV) is a recognized disinfection alternative to chlorine and ozone in many applications from drinking water to wastewater treatment. UV provides effective disinfection without production of problematic disinfection byproducts. Information on the mechanism and application of UV for drinking water disinfection is presented. Advantages and disadvantages of the technique are disc...

This study evaluated the effect of disinfection methods [chemical disinfection (immersion in 100 ppm chloride solution) or microwave disinfection (690 W for 6 min)] on the internal adaptation of denture bases and resin surface roughness. For the adaptation test, 18 maxillary denture bases were obtained from stone casts duplicated from a metallic master model and submitted to the following treat...